操作系统7单元.pptVIP

* 7.2 Memory Partitioning 7.2.1 Fixed Partitioning 7.2.2 Dynamic Partitioning 7.2.3 Buddy(伙伴) System 7.2.4 Relocation * Buddy System Entire space available is treated as a single block of 2U If a request of size s such that 2U-1 s = 2U, entire block is allocated Otherwise block is split into two equal buddies Process continues until smallest block greater than or equal to s is generated * * * 7.2 Memory Partitioning 7.2.1 Fixed Partitioning 7.2.2 Dynamic Partitioning 7.2.3 Buddy System 7.2.4 Relocation * Relocation(重定位) When program loaded into(载入) memory the actual (absolute) memory locations are determined A process may occupy different partitions which means different absolute memory locations during execution (from swapping，交换) Compaction(压缩) will also cause a program to occupy a different partition which means different absolute memory locations * Addresses Logical Address(逻辑地址) Reference to a memory location independent of the current assignment of data to memory(与当前数据在内存中的分配无关的访问地址) Translation must be made to the physical address Relative Address(相对地址) Address expressed as a location relative to some known point Physical Address(物理地址) The absolute address or actual location in main memory * 基址寄存器 界限寄存器 相对地址 加法器 绝对地址 比较器 给操作系统的中断 进程映像 * Registers Used during Execution Base register(基址寄存器) Starting address for the process Bounds register(界限寄存器) Ending location of the process These values are set when the process is loaded(加载) or when the process is swapped in(换入) * Registers Used during Execution The value of the base register is added to a relative address to produce an absolute address The resulting address is compared with the value in the bounds register If the address is not within bounds, an interrupt is generated to the operating system * Agenda 7.1 Memory Management Requirements 7.2 Memory Partitioning 7.3 Paging 7.4 Segmentation 7.5 Summary * Paging(分页) Partition memory into small equal fixed-size chunks(块) and divide each process into the same siz