化学反应工程Chapter 3.ppt

化 学 反 应 工 程 Figure 3.17 Test for the particular rate form -rA =k?f(CA) by the differential method. Figure 3.18 Test for an nth-order rate from by the differential method. 化 学 反 应 工 程 With certain simpler rate equations. However, mathematical manipulation may be able to yield an expression an expression suitable for graphical testing. As an example, consider a set of CA vs. t data to which we want to fit the M-M equation (57) which has already been treated by the integral method of analysis. By the differential methods we can obtain –rA vs. CA. However, how do we make a straight line plot to evaluate k1 and k2? As suggested, let us manipulate Eq.57 to obtain a more usefully expression. Thus, taking reciprocals we obtain 化 学 反 应 工 程 (61) and a plot of 1/(-rA) vs.1/CA is linear, as shown in Fig.3.19. Alternatively, a different manipulation (multiply Eq.61 by k1(-rA)/ k2 ) yields another form, also suitable for testing, thus (62) A plot of -rA vs. (-rA )/CA is linear, as shown in Fig.3.19. 化 学 反 应 工 程 Figure 3.19 Two ways of testing -rA =k1CA/(1+ k2CA) the rate equation by differential analysis. 化 学 反 应 工 程 EXAMPLE 3.2 FIND A RATE EQUATION TO FIT A SET OF DATA USING THE DIFFERENTIAL METHOD Try to fit an nth-order rate equation to the concentration vs. time data of Example 3.1. SOLUTION The data are tabulate in the following columns 1 and 2 and are plotted in Fig.E3.2a. 化 学 反 应 工 程 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 0 10 (10-0)/(0-75)= -0.13333 -0.875 1.000 20 8 (10-0)/(-3-94)= -0.1031 -0.987 0.903 40 6 (10-0)/(-21-131)= -0.0658 -1.182 0.778 60 5 (8-0)/(-15-180)= -0.0410 -1.387 0.699 120 3 (6-0)/((-10-252)= -0.0238 -1.623 0.477 180 2 (4-1)/(24-255)= -0.0108 -1.967 0.301 300 1 (3-1)/(-10-300)=