商务沟通材料第三章.pptVIP

Lecturer: Sam Wang sunwahschoolsam@163.com Business Communications Organizations Communication Outline Organizations Communication Organizational Structures Formal Communications in Bureaucracies Integration Integrating Mechanisms Structural Types Organizations as Socio-Technical Systems Communication Competitive Advantage Learning Objectives After studying the material in this chapter you should be able to: Define organizations Describe the main types of organizational structures Discuss the implications of structure for communications Demonstrate an understanding of organizations as socio-technical systems Discuss the link between communication competitive advantage. What are Organizations? Human history suggests we have evolved partly because of our ability to organize Businesses, public-sectors, not-for-profit organizations “Organizations are society’s way to generate value that individuals cannot generate on their own.”(p 4) What are Organizations? Two elements of organization – formal informal Informal Organization Unofficial element of companies informal networks groups of colleagues or friends Informal organization exists cannot be eliminated it fills in the gaps left by formal organization enables people to deal with contingencies provides a structure for informal communication Informal Communication Grapevine A: activist M: member O: outsider Grapevine Reflect personal (20%) business (80%) communication Features Unpredictability Cross-level involvement Thrived by active “messengers” Highly selective speediness Organizational Structure Defined: “...the formal organizing framework created to achieve the organization’s goals” (p 7) Also called organizational chart or organigram is merely a representation Bureaucracy Formal organization in the form of bureaucracy is characterized by: division of labour hierarchy of authority uniform rules policies standardized procedures structured career paths promotion based on merit impersonal relations. Vert