b1u7 (20页版式有误).ppt

Whatever their origin or motivation, smiles have a powerful effect on us humans. For example, though courtroom judges are equally likely to find smilers and nonsmilers guilty, they give smilers lighter penalites8, a phenomenon called the “smile-leniency9 effect.” 4. Voices rise when speakers are angry. A rising voice is associated with a variety of emotions, including anger, but also nervousness, fear, excitement, hysteria10, and others. You must always consider the communicator and the context carefully. Experts warn that, unless you have a good understanding of someone’s basic communication patterns, you will have little hope in accurately deciphering11 the person’s less routine signals. 5. You can’t trust a fast-talking salesman. The belief that speed and deception go together is a widespread and enduring one. However, the most common vocal deception clues are pauses. If the pause occurs when someone is responding to a question, it may arouse suspicion. Speech errors may also be a deception clue. These include nonwords, such as “ah” and “uhh”; repetitions, such as “I, I, I mean I really ...”; and partial words, such as “I rea-really liked it.” 8. penalty n. 处罚；罚款9. leniency n. 宽厚行为10. hysteria n. 歇斯底里11. decipher vt. 解释 These vocal clues to deceit12 — speech errors and pauses — can occur for two related reasons. The liar may not have worked out his line ahead of time. If he did not expect to lie, or if he was prepared to lie, but didn’t anticipate13 a particular question, he may hesitate or make speech errors. But these can also occur when the line is well prepared. High detection apprehension may cause the prepared liar to stumble14 or forget his line. Most of the research into nonverbal communications shows that people are not very good at masking their feelings. Emotions do leak out regularly, in many ways. And the more information you can get about the clues you are trying to decode15, the more likely you will be to decode them correctly. 12. deceit