分词做定语状语.pptVIP

Unit 7 Grammar 一、分词概说 1. 意义： 分词是一种非限定动词，具有V. / adj./adv.的特征。 2. 特点： 分词可分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示动作完成和被动。 分词作定语 Unit 7 Grammar 一、分词概说 3. 分词短语： 分词与其宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。 4. 作用： 分词和分词短语在句中可作定语、表语、状语和补语。 分词作定语 Unit 7 Grammar e.g. She likes to drink cold boiled water. This is a book written by Lu Xun. The story is very moving. The door is broken. Laughing and talking, they went to school. We heard the girl singing in the teacher’s room. 分词作定语 Unit 7 Grammar 二、分词的形式 （以go 和write为例） 种类 及物动词（write） 不及物动词的主动语态（go） 主动语态 被动语态 现在分词 一般式 writing being written going 完成式 having written Having been written having gone 过去分词 written gone Unit 7 Grammar 三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 1. 分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前。现在分词表示主动和未完成；过去分词表被动和完成。 分词短语作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之后。 e.g. a crying baby = a baby who is crying a broken window = a window which is broken 分词作定语 Unit 7 Grammar e.g. a developing country = a country that is developing a developed country = a country that has been developed. Notes: English is interesting to me. = I’m interested in English. The news is shocking. 这消息令人震惊。 He is shocked at the news. 分词作定语 Unit 7 Grammar 三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 e.g. the changing world 正在变化着的世界 the boiling water 沸腾的水 the changed world已起了变化的世界 the boiled water 开水 the people questioned the girls dancing Our college located/situated on a hilltop has a good view. (此句分词并非表被动) 分词作定语 Unit 7 Grammar 三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 2. 分词作定语置于名词之后时，更强调分词的行为动作，而非动作的特征和属性。（主被动、时间性） e.g. This is a book written by Lucy. That is a girl writing a letter. I had my car washed. I heard my name called. 分词作定语 Unit 7 Grammar 四、如何将定语从句简化为分词短语 1. 去掉主语的关系代词（who, which, that） 2. 动词改为分词：现在分词→表示“正在，主动” 过去分词→表示“完成，被动” 规律1：n. + who/which/that + v. →n. + v. ing e.g. The book which belongs to Mary is lost. = The book belonging to Mary