多囊性卵巢综合征（Polycystic Ovary Syndrome）.pptVIP

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Introduction Definition: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a generic description for a broad spectrum of clinical and morphological findings in women with an endocrine dysfunction, specifically abnormal androgen production and metabolism. Introduction PCOS was first identified by Stein and Leventhal in 1935 so that it can also be known as Stein – Leventhal Syndrome. Etiology Pathopysiology What we think we know. “Vicious cycle” Abnormal gonadotropin secretion Excess LH and low, tonic FSH Hypersecretion of androgens Disrupts follicle maturation Substrate for peripheral aromatization Negative feedback on pituitary Decreased FSH secreation Insulin resistance, Elevated insulin levels Pathology Ovaries: enlarged and/or polycystic ovaries Endometrium: Lack of ovulation for an extended period of time may cause excessive thickening of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus). Pathology What Are the Symptoms of PCOS? Irregular or Lack of Menses: Women will have “spotty” periods (1 every couple of months). Also, in some women with PCOS they simply cease having a menses at all. Symptoms Hirsutism : Excessive body hair. In women with PCOS dark, coarse hair will appear on the face, neck, chest, arms, and in between the legs. Symptoms Weight Problems : Depending on the woman, there could be a decrease of weight or a rapid fluctuation of weight that settles around the stomach that will lead to morbid obesity. Symptoms Acne : Because women with PCOS are producing more male hormone, that produces more sebum (skin oils and old tissue) and causes blocked pores and more acne around the jawline, arms and chest. Symptoms Alopecia or Female Pattern Baldness : This is caused by the increase of male hormone in the womens body. Thinning or loss of hair is usually contained to top of the scalp, but in severe cases loss of hair in front or on the hairline has been documented. Other Symptoms “Dirty Skin” or Acanthosis Nigricans : This