总体经济的长期.pptVIP

AGGREGATE SUPPLYANDAGGREGATE DEMAND Objectives 總供給 aggregate supply 總體經濟的長期、短期 總需求 aggregate demand 總體經濟的均衡macroeconomic equilibrium 經濟成長、通貨膨脹與產出水準的關係 economic growth, inflation, 景氣循環的產生 business cycles Production and Prices What forces bring persistent and rapid expansion of real GDP? What causes inflation? Why do we have business cycles? How do policy actions by the government and the Federal Reserve affect output and prices? 總供給Aggregate Supply 總供給(生產)成長的速度受 : 勞動 The quantity of labor (L ) 資本 The quantity of capital (K ) 技術 The state of technology (T )影響 The aggregate production function shows how quantity of real GDP supplied, Y, depends on labor, capital, and technology. Aggregate Supply The aggregate production function is written as the equation: Y = F(L, K, T ). The larger is L, K, or T, the greater is Y. 勞動的數量受實質工資影響 At any given time, the quantity of capital and the state of technology are fixed but the quantity of labor can vary. The higher the real wage rate, the smaller is the quantity of labor demanded and the greater is the quantity of labor supplied. The wage rate that makes the quantity of labor demanded equal to the quantity supplied is the equilibrium wage rate and at that wage the level of employment is the natural rate of unemployment. Unemployment and Full Employment the labor market flows between the different states. Long-Run short-RunAggregate Supply 總體經濟供給的長短期區別在於: 勞動 The quantity of labor (L ) 資本 The quantity of capital (K ) 技術 The state of technology (T ) 是否能改變 Long-Run short-RunAggregate Supply Long-Run Aggregate Supply The macroeconomic long run is a time frame that is sufficiently long for all adjustments to be made so that real GDP equals potential GDP and there is full employment. The long-run aggregate supply curve (LAS) is the relationship between the quantity of real GDP supplied and the price level when real GDP equals potential GDP. potential GDP: 充分就業時的產出水準 Short-Run Aggregate Supply The macroeconomic short run is a