整容手术的过去、现在和未来（英文）Cosmetic Surgery Past, Present and Future.ppt

Breast Implant Complications(most to least common) Capsular contracture Implant rupture Hematoma Wound infection Increased risk of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (but overall risk very low) Breast Implant Complications After Surgery Cosmetic implants – 12% after 5 yrs; 20% after 10 yrs After prophylactic mastectomy – 30% after 5 yrs; 40% after 10 yrs After mastectomy for breast cancer – 34% after 5 yrs; 50% after 10 yrs Latest trend: microsurgical breast reconstruction using implants or autologous tissues Poly Implant Prosthe Controversy PIP was world’s third largest maker of breast implants worldwide Shut down in 2010, government safety alerts in 2011/12 Contained industrial-grade silicone 300,000 to 400,000 implanted worldwide Poly Implant Prosthe Controversy Disproportionately high rupture rates can cause inflammation and irritation No evidence for increased cancer risk Some authorities recommend removal PIP boss Jean Claude Mas arrested in France, may face manslaughter charges Breast Implants and Imaging Breast implants decrease sensitivity of screening mammography among asymptomatic women, but do not increase false-positive rate nor affect tumor prognostic characteristics For women with silicone implants, some recommend screening for silent ruptures with MRI 3 yrs post-implant, then every two years Expensive, may not effect long-term health No special screening for those with saline implants New Breasts for Graduating Seniors 11,326 procedures performed on 18-year olds in 2003 Phenomenon suggests poor parenting, through the capitulation of financially well-endowed parents to the whims of their children, who likely have self-esteem problems and are not yet emotionally (nor perhaps even physically) mature Breast Augmentation for Females Under Age 18 4,108 procedures on women 18 and under in 2008 US and EU: breast augmentation surgery allowed on those under age 18 only for medical reasons Yet 50% of procedures done for purely cosmetic reasons Headline from Th