第3次信道分配.pptVIP

另一个实现交换的方法是把IP地址划分成连续的相邻字段，用四个字段分别表示图中的四代，演变成了基于交换字段的层次结构。 计算机网络体系结构 * 计算机网络体系结构 * （2）节点域保存的参数，只反映了当前的静态信息。一个节点域的参数发生了变化，下面的节点参数都发生变化。 * Class A and B addresses make up 75 percent of the IPv4 address space, but a relative handful of organizations (fewer than 17,000) can be assigned a Class A or B network number. Class C network addresses are far more numerous than Class A and Class B addresses, although they account for only 12.5 percent of the possible 4 billion (232) IP hosts, as shown in the Figure. Unfortunately, Class C addresses are limited to 254 hosts, which will not meet the needs of larger organizations that can not acquire a Class A or B address. Even if there were more Class A, B, and C addresses, too many network addresses would cause Internet routers to grind to a halt under the weight of enormous routing tables. IETF’s major concern was the IP depletion and the size of the routing tables over the internet. Private Networks were created to reduce the risk of collapsing the internet with duplication of addresses. These addresses do not exist in the Internet and when used in conjunction with NAT (Network Address Translation) will protect the Internet for possible setup errors. The Private Addresses are: 10.0.0.0 with a subnetmask of 255.0.0.0 . Range from 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 with a subnetmask of 255.240.0.0 . Range from 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 with a subnetmask of 255.255..0.0 . Range from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 * * 介绍IPv6的基本特征 * 说明为了保证地址分配的唯一性，管理组织的架构是怎样的 * 我们假定流是同质的。 当逻辑信道中各物理信道速率很高、异质的程度有限时，信道异质性对数据流的总延迟所造成的影响是可以忽略的。 计算机网络体系结构 * 如果流是异质的，会出现什么情况？ 计算机网络体系结构 * 当考虑流的异质性时，我们发现，上面描述的简单按信道容量比例随机分配通信流的方法就有问题了。流与流之间的差异是巨大的。一个话音流的通信量很小，一个视频流的数据流量很大。如果信道C1和C2的容量相同，C1分配到 1000个话音流，C2分配到1000个视频流，从流数量的角度看是平衡的，但从信道的负荷看，C1和C2的负荷是极不均衡的。 计算机网络体系结构 * 在节点的每个外部输入端口 ，对应于每个逻辑端口有一张Hash表，记录Hash值与外部输出端口的映射关系。 Hash 函数F=f(源IP地址，目标IP地址)，使它的计算结果取整数值且均匀地分布在0,1,…B的Hash 空间中。 计算机网络体系结构 * Bi 输出端口 0 1 1 … 2 1 3 2 … 2 3 .. B 3 计算机网络体系