商务英语——统计学.pptVIP

* Business English Statistics  * Descriptive statistics Tools of Descriptive Statistics Graphical Bar / Column Graph Line Chart Pie Chart Table Graphical Frequency table Histogram Stem and leaf display Scatter plot Box plot Time series * Histogram 直方图 normal distribution 正态分布 negatively skewed distribution 负偏(左偏)分布 positively skewed distribution 正偏(右偏)分布 * Stem and leaf display 茎叶图 * Scatter plot 散点图 Positive Association 正相关 Regression analysis 回归分析 Least-squares Line 最小二乘线 * Boxplot 箱线图 * Time series 时间序列 A　data set y1, y2, . . . , yn comprising　measurements of the same variables at times 1, 2, . . . , n　is called a time series 时间序列是同一现象在不同时间上的相继观察值排列而成的序列 Usually the times are equally spaced * Time series Trend: An overall pattern of increase Cyclical（循环的） pattern of variation 　– seasonal variation 　– the cycles（周期） are annual 　– the peaks correspond to the northern hemisphere summer 　 The seasonal fluctuations are increasing in magnitude(幅度） 　– The variability of the data is increasing with the mean The number of international airline passengers was recorded monthly * 12.1 Describing performance page 66 A Read these extracts from Volvo’s annual report and match each one to a graph An Annual report is a comprehensive report on a companys activities throughout the preceding year. intended to give shareholders and other interested persons information about the companys activities and financial performance. * Company profile The Volvo Group is a Swedish supplier of commercial vehicles such as trucks, buses and construction equipment Volvo means “I roll” in Latin , was originally used for a special series of ball bearing (轴承） In 1924, Assar Gabrielsson, a Sales Manager, and Engineer Gustav Larson, the two founders, decided to start construction of a Swedish car. * Company profile Vision -- build cars that can withstand the rigors