2-Biochemistry生物化学.pptVIP

Proteins are linear polymers built of monomer units called amino acids. Primary Structure: Amino Acids Are Linked by Peptide Bonds to Form Polypeptide Chains Proteins Have Unique Amino Acid Sequences That Are Specified by Genes Polypeptide Chains Are Flexible Yet Conformationally Restricted Secondary Structure: Polypeptide Chains Can Fold Into Regular Structures Such as the Alpha Helix, the Beta Sheet, and Turns and Loops The Alpha Helix Is a Coiled Structure Stabilized by Intrachain Hydrogen Bonds Beta Sheets Are Stabilized by Hydrogen Bonding Between Polypeptide Strands Polypeptide Chains Can Change Direction by Making Reverse Turns and Loops Tertiary Structure: Water-Soluble Proteins Fold Into Compact Structures with Nonpolar Cores Quaternary Structure: Polypeptide Chains Can Assemble Into Multisubunit Structures The Amino Acid Sequence of a Protein Determines Its Three-Dimensional Structure Amino Acids Have Different Propensities for Forming Alpha Helices, Beta Sheets, and Beta Turns Protein Folding Is a Highly Cooperative Process Protein Modification and Cleavage Confer New Capabilities Proteins can interact with one another and with other biological macromolecules to form complex assemblies. Some proteins are quite rigid, whereas others display limited flexibility. Summary Proteins Are Built from a Repertoire of 20 Amino Acids Primary Structure: Amino Acids Are Linked by Peptide Bonds to Form Polypeptide Chains Secondary Structure: Polypeptide Chains Can Fold into Regular Structures Such as the Alpha Helix, the Beta Sheet, and Turns and Loops Tertiary Structure: Water-Soluble Proteins Fold into Compact Structures with Nonpolar Cores The Amino Acid Sequence of a Protein Determines Its Three-Dimensional Structure The Purification of Proteins Is an Essential First Step in Understanding Their Function Amino Acid Sequences Can Be Determined by Automated Edman Degradation Immunology Provides Important Techniques with Which to Investigate Proteins Peptides Can Be