An Overview of Data Analysis 数据分析概述.ppt

Outline Key Considerations in Data Analysis Components of a Data Analysis Plan Distinguishing Data Types Distinguishing Different Types of Analyses Overview of Different Statistical Software Case Study: ACESTM Key Considerations in Data Analysis Identify the purpose of the analysis or project Understand the sample(s) under study Understand the instruments being used to collect data Be cognizant of data layouts and formats Establish a unique identifier if matching or merging is necessary Plan your work and work your plan! Components of a Data Analysis Plan Statement of research questions Methods used to answer research questions Timeline Budget File restructuring procedures (syntax creation, adding new variables as needed) Algorithms for scoring, equating, etc. Data cleaning procedures (e.g. removing outliers) Quality control procedures at every step in the project Examples of Analyses Frequency Distributions and Cross -Tabulations Descriptive Statistics (Means, Std. Deviations, Correlations) T-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Regression Principal Components/Factor Analysis (Data Reduction) Cluster and Discriminant Analyses (Segmentation) Latent Class Analysis (Classification) Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) Differential Item Functioning (DIF) More Advanced the Analysis, Greater the Amount of Preparation Most analyses can be executed straight from a working data file Some analyses may require transformations of the raw data, subsets, or specific input data to comply with statistical software Data Types Representation Variables may require special coding for different data representation Numeric String Date time Monetary ASCII Text Files Usually rectangular in structure One record per observation Each data variable in same position on each record Each record may have multiple instances of data Arrays Repeating blocks (sets of variables) File may have multiple records per observation Number of records per observation can be variable Most government