国际经济学（英文）课件CHAPTER4.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory Model Extension Explain the basis of comparative advantage Analyze the effect that international trade has on factor earnings in the two nations Outline Assumption of the Theory Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem Factor-Price Equalization Theorem The Leontief Paradox Factor-Intensity Reversal 4.1 Assumptions of the Theory  and the Meaning 1. There are two nations (Nation 1 and 2), two commodities (commodity X and Y), and two factors of production (labor and capital). 2. Both nations use the same technology in production. 4.1 Assumptions of the Theory  and the Meaning 3. Commodity X is labor intensive and commodity Y is capital intensive in both nations. 4.1 Assumptions of the Theory  and the Meaning 4. Both commodities are produced under constant returns to scale in both nations. 5. There is incomplete specialization in production in both nations. 6. Tastes are equal in both nations. 4.1 Assumptions of the Theory  and the Meaning 7. There is perfect competition in both commodities and factor markets in both nations. 8. There is perfect factor mobility within each nation ( Internal factor mobility) but no international factor mobility. 4.1 Assumptions of the Theory  and the Meaning 9. There are no transportation costs, tariffs,or other obstructions to the free flow of international trade. 10. All resources are fully employed in both nations. 11. International trade between the two nations is balanced. 4.2 Hechscher-Ohlin Theorem Key terms of the Theory The Hechscher-Ohlin Theorem General Equilibrium Framework Illustration of the Theory 4.2.1 Key Terms of the Theory 1. Factor Intensity We say that commodity Y is capital intensive if capital-labor ratio (K/L) used in the production of Y is greater than K/L used in the production of X. Questions for Figure 4-1 Capital is relatively cheaper in Nation 2 Use more capital to minimize costs of production 4.2