第二章传输层协议设计v2_715805404.pptVIP

Internet传输层协议设计 徐 恪 清华大学计算机系 提纲 传输层协议概述 UDP协议简介 TCP协议简介与可靠性设计 TCP窗口流控 TCP拥塞控制机制分析 Tahoe, Reno, NewReno, Sack, Vegas等源算法 RED等主动队列管理算法 提纲 传输层协议概述 UDP协议简介 TCP协议简介与可靠性设计 TCP窗口流控 TCP拥塞控制机制分析 Tahoe, Reno, NewReno, Sack, Vegas等源算法 RED等主动队列管理算法 TCP/IP协议栈 传输层协议 实现端到端的数据传输 Protocol implemented entirely at the ends Fate-sharing Completeness/correctness of function implementations 传输层协议 UDP provides just integrity and demux TCP adds… Connection-oriented Reliable Ordered Point-to-point Byte-stream Full duplex Flow and congestion controlled 提纲 传输层协议概述 UDP协议简介 TCP协议简介与可靠性设计 TCP窗口流控 TCP拥塞控制机制分析 Tahoe, Reno, NewReno, Sack, Vegas等源算法 RED等主动队列管理算法 UDP: User Datagram Protocol [RFC 768] Minimal Transport Service: “Best effort” service, UDP segments may be: Lost Delivered out of order to app Connectionless: No handshaking between UDP sender, receiver Each UDP segment handled independently of others No connection establishment (which can add delay) Simple: no connection state at sender, receiver Small header No congestion control: UDP can blast away as fast as desired: dubious! Multiplexing / demultiplexing segment - unit of data exchanged between transport layer entities aka TPDU: transport protocol data unit Multiplexing / demultiplexing multiplexing/demultiplexing: based on sender, receiver port numbers, IP addresses source, dest port #s in each segment well-known port numbers for specific applications, e.g. DNS on port 53 UDP, cont. Often used for streaming multimedia apps Loss tolerant Rate sensitive Other UDP uses (why?): DNS SNMP Reliable transfer over UDP: add reliability at application layer Application-specific error recover! UDP Checksum Sender Treat segment contents as sequence of 16-bit integers Checksum: addition (1’s complement sum) of segment contents Sender puts checksum value into UDP checksum field Receiver Compute checksum of received segment Check if computed checksum equals checksum field value: NO - error detected YES - no error detected. But maybe errors nonethel