半导体低维物理讲义之一.ppt

? Evolution of the diffraction pattern Observation of continuous transition from a disordered state to an order one Disordered state: uniform Gaussian distribution; ? amorphous material Intermediate state: Debby-Scherer rings; ? polycrystalline Ordered state: Bragg diffraction peaks (spots); ? single crystal Dependence of the quality of optical matter on trapping power Based on the diffraction pattern, we conclude that the best optical matter is achieved at Pt ~ 100 mW 50 mW 100 mW 200 mW 400 mW 600 mW 800 mW 1400 mW 1800 mW ? * 半导体低维物理 教材及参考书： 《半导体物理》，季振国编著，浙江大学出版社 《半导体物理》，刘恩科编著，电子工业出版社 《量子力学》（卷1），曾谨言编著，科学出版社 《Fundamentals of Semiconductors》， Eds. P. Y. Yu and M. Cardona, Springer 前 言 硅基材料的局限性，发展化合物半导体以及 新型纳米结构（异质结，量子阱和量子点） 的必要性 E E E D(E) D(E) D(E) Modification of density of states by confining carriers Bulk QW QD 3D 2D 0D What are QDs? Advantages and Applications of QDs Large Optical Nonlinearity: Nonlinear Optical Devices; High Stimulated Emission Rate: High-Efficiency LDs and LEDs; C-B Effect: Single Electron Transistors; Applications in Biotechnology; …… How to Fabricate QDs? a. Nanocrystals in a Matrix; b. Epitaxy + Etching c. Self-Organization A B A B Self-Organized InGaAs/GaAsQDs Tg = 520?C Tg = 460?C Tg = 480?C Tg = 500?C Formation of 2D QD Superlattices: Artificial Crystals [01-1] [-233] What are PCs? 1887 1987 Periodic Electromagnetic Media with photonic band gaps: “optical insulators” PC-Based All-Optical Switch (PC-SMZ*,** ) *SMZ: Symmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer **K. Tajima, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 32 (1993) L1746. Ultra-Fast All-Optical Devices for 40Gb/s OTDM/WDM System Photonic Crystal 结论：光除波动性之外，还具有普通粒子的特性，即光具有波粒二象性 *