陕西科技大学过程装备与控制工程过程装备双语Chap.9 Boilers.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Boilers §9.2 Boiler Applications and Basic Operation Para 1: steam generators——boilers, are used to produce steam; The whole Para is about applications and function. Para 2: Heat transfer methods: A combination of radiant, conductive, and convective to change water to steam; Components: Fig.9.2-1 Factors affecting boiler operation: Density differences, pressure, temperature, water level. §9.3 Fire Tube Boilers Components: Fig.9.3-1 §9.3 Fire Tube Boilers Mechanism: transfer heat from the fire tubes and into boiler feed water; Fire tube——denotes that the heat source is from within the tubes; Fire tube boiler——P170 Key terms §9.4 Water Tube Boilers (the most common type) Basic components (Para1) : Fig.9.4-1, Fig.9.6-1 §9.4 Water Tube Boilers (the most common type) Principle of operation (Para2): water circulation——differential density; Pressure (Para3): 1. Steam generation causes pressure to rise; 2. pressure is maintained —— adding makeup water ; continuously applying heat. §9.4 Water Tube Boilers (the most common type) Main Components: 1.Furnace: components; line 2 2.Tubes: 3.Drums: 4.Gas and Oil Burners: Fuel: most boilers use natural gas or atomized fuel oil burners; some large boilers (primarily in electrical generating plants) burn coal. Components and mechanism: Fig.9.4-2 5. Economizer Section (1) Function: increase boiler efficiency by preheating the water; (2) Mechanism: hot gases moving into the stack still have enough heat to offset energy costs. Boiler functions: Steam: Procedure: Typical problems: line 3, Para 3 Water hammer: Para 2, first 3 lines Solving methods: steam traps are used to remove condensate; Categories: Mechanical—— inverted buckets; Fig.9.6-2 for condensate, air, other non-condensable gases; Bucket trap full of condensate→ bucket rests on the bottom→ valve opens; Steam fills→ bucket rises→ valve closes Floats. Fig.9.6-3 not for non-condensable gases; Thermostatic热静力型——bellows-type traps. Fig.9.6-4 cheaper; als