Translation英汉互译技巧.pptVIP

英汉互译 An Introduction 从玄奘到林语堂 玄奘 “既需求真，又需喻俗” （“若玄奘者，则意译直译，圆满调和，斯道之极轨也” 梁启超） 马建忠 “善译” “必先将所译者与所以译者两国之文字，深嗜笃好，字栉句比，以考彼此文字孳生之源，同异之故。所有当相之实义，委曲推究，务审其声音之高下，析其字句之繁简，尽其文体之变态，及其义理精深奥折之所由然。 ” “求真和喻俗”的困惑 The Milky Way “牛奶路”还是“银河”？ The tears of the penitent flow unceasing; transformed into stars they form not simply a Milky Way in the heavens but a stream of cream. “在言过质”与“殊隔文体” 鸠摩罗什与僧睿论译梵为秦 ”天见人，人见天“ （此语与西域意同但在言过质。） ”天人交接，两得相见“ ”改梵为秦，失其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体，有似嚼饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕秽也。“ 从玄奘到林语堂 严复 “信、达、雅” “译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉……” “西文句中名物，字多随举随释，如中文之旁支，后乃遥接前文，足意成句。故西文句法，少者二三字，多者数十百言。假令仿此为译，则恐必不可通；而删削取径，又恐意义有漏。此在译者将全文神理融会于心，则下笔抒词，自然互备。至原文词理本深，难于共喻，则当前后引衬，以显其意。凡此经营，皆以为达，为达即所以为信也……” 求“达”何难 By the time that his children were growing up the great days of my father’s life were over. His feats on the river and on the mountains had been won before they were born. Relics of them were to be found lying about the house… 求“达”何难 1）当孩子们要长大成人时，我父亲一生中的全盛时期已经过去。孩子们还未出生，他便在漂河登山方面取得了成绩。这些活动的遗迹在住宅里还随处可见…… 2) 儿女渐渐长大，父亲的辉煌岁月也结束了。他攀山涉水的胜迹都是在儿女们出生前完成的。种种念想，就散落在房间里…… Exercise I think it only fair to tell the reader of the following pages why, at this time of day, when surely everything that could be said about Goethe has long since been said, I should write an essay on his novels. It has given me pleasure to do so, and if there is a better reason for writing anything I have yet to hear of it. 从玄奘到林语堂 严复 “信、达、雅” “《易》曰：修辞立诚。子曰：辞达而已。又曰：言之无文，行之不远。三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。故信、达而外，求其尔雅。此不仅期以行远已耳，实则精理微言，用汉以前字法、句法，则为达易；用近世利俗文字，则求达难。往往抑义就词，毫厘千里，审择于斯二者之间，夫固有所不得已也，岂钓奇哉？” I’m a Stranger Here Myself Notes on Returning to America after 20 years away (2000) Translation 《请问这里是美国吗？》 《故土是他乡》 《故国陌路》 《人在故乡为异客》 如何才“雅” Examine for a moment an ordinary mind on an ordinary day. The mind receives a myriad impressions trivial, fantastic, evanescent, or engraved with the sharpness of steel. 如何才“雅”？ 1）把一个普普通通的人物在普普通通的一天中的内心活动考察一下吧。心灵接纳了成千上万个印象 琐屑的、奇异的、倏忽即逝的或者用锋利的钢刀深深铭刻在心头的印象。 2）看看一个普通的心灵在一个普通日子里的经验。心灵接受无数的印象