价格相关需求下基于回购与价格弹性联合契约供应链协调.docVIP

价格相关需求下基于回购与价格弹性联合契约的供应链协调 　　摘 要：供应链契约是供应链协调的一个重要方法。本文研究价格与需求相关情形下回购契约与价格弹性契约联合的供应链协调问题。回购契约在零售价格不变的情况下可以起到供应链协调的作用，但在零售价格变化情况下单纯的回购契约不能达到供应链完美协调的目的。本文通过单一批发价契约、回购契约和联合契约三种情形下的供应链系统、零售商和供应链期望利润函数模型的建立、分析与比较，讨论各情形下的供应链系统的效益，以此说明在价格变化下该联合契约能够实现供应链的完美协调，并可实现供需双方利益的合理分配。 　　关键词：回购契约；价格弹性契约；供应链协调 　　中图分类号：F274 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5192(2011)04-0025-05 　　 　　Jointly Contract of Buy Back and Pricing Flexible for Supply Chain 　　Coordination under Price Changing on Demand 　　XU Qi 　　(School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China) 　　Abstract:The supply chain contracts are an essential methodology to the coordination of supply chain. This paper focuses on the jointly contracts of Buy Back and Pricing Flexible to study coordination mechanisms in a supply chain. In the fix price case, buy back contracts play an important role to collaborate supply chain system’s profit. In the price setting case, however, it is difficult to realize perfect coordination. In this paper, we investigate the model of jointly contracts by the analysis partier’s expected profits of three scenarios. The first is whole sale contracts. The second is under the adoption of buy back contracts. The third is under the adoption of jointly contract of buy back and pricing flexible. In doing so, we illustrated the benefit of the joint adoption contracts to the coordination of supply chain and flexible the arrangement of profits between suppliers and retailers. Key words:buy back contracts; pricing flexible contracts; supply chain coordination 　　 　　1 引言 　　 　　在全球市场竞争日益激烈的今天，面对复杂多变的外部环境，供应链节点企业需要通过彼此间的协调、合作实现系统优化，提高供应链的整体竞争力。为此，能够改善供应链整体绩效的供应链契约就是协调机制的一种。供应链契约是通过提供合适的信息和激励措施，对各成员的决策进行均衡，从而使供应链成员的各自效益和供应链整体效益协调，达到供应链绩效优化的有关条款。通过供应链契约的激励与约束，供需双方可在订货量或价格上达到不同程度的协调，保证了供应链渠道的协同性［1］。目前，常见的供应链契约有：收入共享（Revenue Sharing）、回购(Buy Back)、数量折扣(Quantity Discounts)、价格弹性（Pricing Flexible)、后备协议（Backup Agreement）等。由于产品特征、契约双方利润分配的博弈能力、需求变化等因素的影响，契约的设计也有不同。Tsay和 Cachon研究了上述契约在销售价格不变的情况下实现供应链的协调问题［2