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建筑火灾危险性评价分析-analysis of building fire risk assessment
摘要本文分析了建筑火灾发展机理、蔓延规律、特性参数、产生的原因、造成的危害、及建筑防灭火措施,得出建筑火灾具有静动态结合、由静态分阶段转变成动态,且在不同阶段火灾所受影响因素不同的特点。以室内初始可燃物着火、周围可燃物着火、火室内充分发展、火室外蔓延作为分界点,把建筑火灾发生、发展过程分为四个阶段,针对每一阶段,分析与火灾发生、蔓延及导致后果相关的影响因素;结合国内外建筑火灾危险评价法、专家评议法及建筑标准,对各影响因素危险性赋值,通过火灾伤害模型、风险评价方法,分析计算了每个阶段火灾危险性;将人员素质和管理制度作为建筑火灾危险性的补偿因子,对其进行分析评价;根据可燃物的火灾荷载密度和装饰材料的燃烧性能确定火灾增长系数的值。结合建筑火灾危险分阶段评价、补偿因子评价及火灾增长系数的值,对建筑火灾危险性进行了评价分级。在对影响因素危险性赋值时,为降低由人员经验、知识的差异带来的影响,用区间值代替点值。本文从建筑火灾安全制度的建立、实施,火灾预防制度的制定以及火灾一旦发生采取分阶段控制等方面考虑,建立了安全体系。结合建筑火灾特点和建筑火灾管理的需要,建立了建筑火灾危险管理信息系统,实现建筑火灾信息可视化、实时化、动态化管理。实践证明该方法具有一定的应用价值和较重要的社会意义。关键词:建筑火灾;影响因素;阶段评估;体系;管理信息系统ABSTRACTThepaperanalyzesthemechanismoffirehappeninganddeveloping,therulesofspread,characteristicparameters,thecauseandharmoffire,firepreventionandcontroletc.Fromtheaboveanalysisitcanbeseenthatfirehasthecharacteristicsofthecombinationofstaticanddynamicstates,theexchangefromthestaticstatetothedynamicone,andeveryphrasehavingitsownfactorsaccordingly.Basedontheignitionofinitialcombustiblematerial,thecombustionofmaterialaroundtheinitialone,thecompletefiredevelopingintheroom,andthespreadingoutoftheroom,thebuildingfireprocessisquadripartite.Analyzethefactorsaboutfirehappening,spreadingandcausesofeveryphase.Basedonthebuildingfirehazardsevaluationmethodshomeandabroad,experts’discussion,andthebuildingstandards,definethevalueofeveryfactor,andthroughthefiredamagemodelandriskevaluationmethodsmaketheresearchonthedangeroffireineveryphrase.Evaluatethepersonnelabilitiesandmanagementregulationsasthecompensationindex.Andbasedonthefireloaddensityofthecombustibleandcombustibilityofdecorationmaterial,calculatethevalueoffireincreasingmodulus.Combiningthebuildingfirehazardspartialperiodevaluation,compensationindexandthefireincreasingmodulus,evaluateandgradethedangerofthebuildingfire.Inordertodecreasethedifferencescausedbythediversityofpersonnelexperienceandknowledge,changetheformaldotvaluetosectionone.Thepapererectsthesafetysystemfromthemakingandcarryingoutofsafetyrules,firepreventionregulations,andfirecontrolaccordingtodifferentp
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