建筑节能项目节能量和碳减排量分析-analysis of energy saving and carbon emission reduction in building energy saving projects.docxVIP
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建筑节能项目节能量和碳减排量分析-analysis of energy saving and carbon emission reduction in building energy saving projects
建筑节能项目节能量和碳减排量研究摘要全球碳排放量的不断上升导致温室效应的加剧,而每年建筑能耗产生的碳排放占到全球总碳排放很大一部分。据国家建设部指出,我国的建筑耗能到2020年会达到1089亿吨标准煤,因此如何确定建筑碳排放量和减排量,如何计算建筑节能量是一个重要的课题。本文把生命周期评估应用在建筑碳排放上,根据建筑生命周期的不同阶段碳排放的特点分别提出建筑部品设备生产过程中,建筑材料运输过程中,建筑施工阶段的碳排放量计算模型,提出了较完整的建筑碳排放的计算方法。给出燃料的CO2当量排放因子的计算方法。给出燃料的二氧化碳排放因子的计算公式Q=F×D×K×S×W。其中:Q为二氧化碳排放因子;F为燃料单位;D为低热值;K为碳排放系数;S为碳氧化率;W为二氧化碳与碳相对分子量比值44/12。给出其他温室气体的碳排放因子计算公式:如A=D×B×GWP。其中:ACH4为对CH4CH4应燃料中CH4的CO2当量排放因子;D为CH4的热值;B为对应燃料的CH4排放系数;GWPCH4为CH4的全球变暖潜势。燃料的CO2当量排放因子V=Q+ACH4+AN2o。计算确立了建筑生命周期碳排放评估中燃料如原煤,原油,标煤和天然气的碳排放因子,并提出一般燃料的碳排放因子的计算方法;计算确立了推土机、打夯机、起重机这三种施工机械的碳排放因子。以北京市某项目为例,计算了建筑生命周期四个不同阶段的碳排放量,为项目的碳排放评估提供依据。通过使用能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus-DB计算全年能耗,计算得到建筑运行使用阶段碳排放量和节能改造后的碳减排量,经校核,能耗模拟值与实际值的误差较小。计算得到该项目节能改造后在运行使用时期一年向大气排放18623.06吨二氧化碳,节能改造后二氧化碳减排量为1699.75吨,节能改造后节能率为9.13%。验证了节能改造措施取得了很好的节能效果。关键词:节能项目,二氧化碳排放量,节能量,碳排放因子EnergySavingsandReducedCarbonEmissionofBuildingEnergy-conservingProjectsABSTRACTThecontinuousrisingoftheglobalcarbonemissionleadstotheintensificationofthegreenhouseeffect,andthecarbonemissiongeneratedbytheenergyconsumptionofbuildingseveryyearaccountsforalargeproportionofthetotalcarbonemissionoftheworld.AccordingtotheMinistryofNationalConstruction,Chinasbuildingenergyconsumptionin2020willreach108.9billiontonofstandardcoal.Therefore,itisanimportantissuetodetermineaccuratelythecarbonemissionalongwiththereducedcarbonemissionofbuildingsandtocalculateaccuratelytheenergysavingsofbuildings.Inthepaper,thelifecycleassessmentisusedinthebuildingcarbonemission.Accordingtothefeaturesofthecarbonemissionofdifferentstagesofthebuildinglife-cycle,thecalculationmodelforthecarbonemissionoftheproductionprocessoftheconstructionmaterialandequipment,thetransportationoftheconstructionmaterialisproposed.Therelativelycompletecalculationmethodofcarbonemissionforthebuildingisputforward.ThemethodofcalculatingCO2equivalentemissionfactoroffuelsisputforward,andtheformulaforcarbondioxideemissionfactorisproposed,Q=F×D×K×S×W.Q,F,D,K,S,Wstandsforthecarbondioxideemissionfactor,theunitoffuel,lowcalorificvalue,
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