history_of_britain_business 英美国家概况 知识介绍.ppt

Steam Ship An Early Steam Locomotive Later Locomotives The Impact of the Railroad Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia. Crystal Palace: Interior Exhibits 4.1 The Civil War (Stuart House) 4.1.1 James I: rising dissention Elizabeth I died childless, the throne passed to her distant Stuart relative, James VI. Major problems Lack of money Bitter religious dissension 4.1.2 Charles I (1625-1649) Successful rebellion Involved in the wars against Spain, France and Scotland Parliament passed resolutions against illgal taxes and his religious policy Charles I dissolved Parliament and imprisoned the leaders. 4.1.3 The Civil War (1642-1649) War broke out in 1642 Cavaliers Roundheads Radicals: Puritans Moderates: low Church Anglicans On January 30, Charles I was beheaded. The Puritans were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist movement within the Church of England. Historically, the word was used to characterize the Protestant group as extremists, who advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England. 4.1.4 Oliver Cromwell England now a republic called Commonwealth A dictatorship of a radical minority Lord Protector 4.2 The Restoration (1660-1688): the monarchy returns Disasters: -Black Death of 1665; -The Great Fire of London, 1666 Fears of Roman Catholicism under Stuart(Charles II and James II) 4.3 The Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) William and Mary Bill of Rights Bill of Rights The famous document summarizes the constituional practices advocated by Parliament in the Stuart Era, which approximates a written constitution, for it states the essential principles of parliamentary supremacy, control of money, dispensation power, and frequent, regular meetings of Parliament. Mary II by S