skja_01 Atomic Structure and Bonding 材料科学基础（英文教材）.ppt

材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials;Materials Science deals with the relationship between the macroscopic properties and the microscopic structures.;§1.1 Atomic structure;2. Atomic numbers The atomic number of an atom indicates the number of protons (positively charged particles) which are in its nucleus, and in a neutral atom the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons in its charge cloud. All the elements have been classified according to electron configuration in the periodic table.;The periodic table;2. Atomic size;3. Electron configurations Pauli exclusion principle This principle stipulates that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins.;;; Electrons with the same subsidiary quantum number have as many parallel spins as possible.;3. Electronegativity Electronegative elements are nonmetallic in nature and accept electrons in chemical reactions to produce negative ions, or anions. Electronegativity describes the tendency of an atom to gain an electron.;;Example problem 1.1Calculate the energy in joules(J) and electron volts(eV) of the photon whose wavelength λ is 121.6 nanometers (nm). (1.00eV=1.60×10-19J; h=6.63×10-34J·S; 1 nm=10-9m);Examples and Discussions;Exercise;Thank you !