竞争态度和注意水平对合作与竞争词记忆影响-influence of competitive attitude and attention level on cooperation and memory of competitive words.docxVIP

摘要摘要近年来，作为人格特征之一的个体竞争性近年来受到了心理学家的关注。有研究指 出竞争性有利于个体的学习和智力活动，也有研究指出竞争动机过强反而不利于操作技 能的发挥，甚至出现不该有的失误。其中，竞争态度是竞争性的一个重要组成部分, 竞 争态度会影响个体认知偏向，但研究没有得到统一的结论。因此本研究考察不同竞争态 度的个体的记忆是否存在差异。采用《竞争态度量表（中国版）》对 170 名大学生进行测验，参加的实验的有效被试为良性竞争态度 20 人，过度竞争态度 21 人。研究一考察两类不同竞争态度的被试在 集中和分散注意学习条件下，对不同种类词语的外显记忆是否存在记忆偏向。研究二采 用加工分离程序，通过意识性提取成绩和自动提取成绩，考察两类不同竞争态度的被试 在集中和分散注意学习条件下，对不同种类词语的内隐记忆是否存在记忆偏向。结果表明：（1）在外显记忆上，集中注意水平下的反应时显著短于分散注意水平，而且前者 的正确率显著高于后者；而在内隐记忆上，集中注意水平下和分散注意水平下的内隐记 忆正确率差异不显著。这说明注意水平影响外显记忆，对内隐记忆无明显影响。（2）在外显记忆上，良性竞争态度被试合作词语的反应时显著短于竞争词语，过 度竞争态度被试合作词语的反应时显著长于竞争词语；而且良性竞争态度被试合作词语 的正确率显著高于竞争词语，过度竞争态度被试合作词语的正确率显著低于竞争词语； 而在内隐记忆上，良性竞争态度被试只在正确率高于过度竞争态度被试。这说明不同竞 争态度的被试在外显记忆上存在记忆偏向，而在内隐记忆上不存在记忆偏向，但内隐记 忆会受到不同竞争态度的影响。关键词 竞争态度 注意水平 外显记忆 内隐记忆IAbstractAbstractRecently, as one of the characteristics of competitive in individual personality has been a focus of many psychologists. Some studies have pointed out that the competition is beneficial to individual learning and intellectual activity, however, another studies have also pointed out that too competitive to motivate skills to execute, even make mistakes which is not come. Whereby, competitive attitude is an important factor of the competitive, which will affect individual’s cognitive bias, but these studies have not been draw a unified conclusion. In this study, the effect of competitive attitude on memory was examined in different competitive attitude individuals.Twenty development competitive attitude students and twenty-one hyper-competitive attitude students were selected from 170 undergraduates by “competitive attitude scale（version of Chinese）”. In experiment one, two different subjects were tested by recognitiontest on the condition of centralize attention study and decentralize attention study to explore whether they had biased explicit memory on two different words. In experiment two， process dissociation procedure was employed， two different subjects were tested by the bothperformances of consciousness extraction and automati