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锂离子电池正极材料limn2-lim n2, anode material of lithium ion battery
摘要摘要采用溶胶凝胶法和超声辅助溶胶凝胶法制备了二价离子M2+和四价离子Ti4+等摩尔共同掺杂的尖晶石LiMn2O4,考察了预烧温度、烧结机制、锂锰比和锂源等对样品的影响,择优选取制备样品的工艺条件。二价金属离子分别选用了Mg2+、Ni2+和Zn2+,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、循环伏安测试(CV)、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和电化学循环测试等分析表征手段,系统地研究了不同元素以及不同含量等摩尔共掺杂改性产物LiMn2-2xMxTixO4(M=Mg、Ni或Zn,x=0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07或0.10)的物相、形貌与电化学性能。实验结果表明:超声辅助溶胶凝胶法制得的样品有更好的循环稳定性,样品循环30次后容量保持率高达99.4%,但是其放电比容量较低,因此进一步的研究选用溶胶凝胶法制备样品。所有掺杂M2+和Ti4+的样品均有单一的尖晶石结构,没有杂相生成。掺杂样品的粒径较小,粒径分布更集中。Mg2+和Ti4+共掺杂提高了锰酸锂的循环稳定性和放电比容量。样品LiMn1.9Mg0.05Ti0.05O4的电化学性能最优,在3.3-4.35V、0.5C的充放电情况下,最高放电比容量达到了143.4mAh/g,相当于理论比容量的95%。循环30次后放电比容量仍有137.9mAh/g,容量保持率达到了96.2%;在3.3-4.5V、0.5C的充放电情况下,放电比容量可达到了154.1mAh/g。共同掺杂少量的Ni2+和Ti4+能引起样品的深度放电,提高初始放电比容量,但循环性能较差,增加掺杂量则会使得放电比容量降低。共同掺杂Zn2+和Ti4+对样品放电比容量有一定影响,但提高了样品的循环稳定性能,尤其是高倍率放电的循环稳定性,在4C高倍率下有最优的电化学性能。关键词:锂离子电池,正极材料,LiMn2-2xMxTixO4,溶胶凝胶法,掺杂改性ABSTRACTABSTRACTTheequimolarbivalentionandtetravalentionco-dopedLiMn2O4samplesaresynthesizedviasol-gelmethodandultrasonic-assistedsol-gel(UASG)method..Theinfluenceofpre-sinteringtemperature,sinteringmechanism,lithiummanganesemolarratioanddifferentlithiumsourcesareinvestigatedindetail.Accordingtotheresearchresults,theoptimalsynthesisconditionispreferentiallyselected.ThebivalentionssuchasMg2+,Ni2+andZn2+werechosenrespectively,andthestructures,morphologiesandelectrochemicalperformanceofspinelLiMn2-2xMxTixO4(M=Mg、Ni、Zn,x=0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07,0.10)werecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),Scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),Transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM),X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS),cyclicvoltammetry(CV),ACimpedancespectroscopy(EIS)andelectrochemicaltests.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthesamplessynthesizedbyUASGmethodhaveimprovedcyclestability.Thesamplehasgoodcapacityretentionof99.4%after30cycles.However,wechoosesol-gelmethodforfurtherresearch,becauseofthelowerdischargespecificcapacity.Theco-dopedsamplespresentasinglespinelstructurewithoutanyotherimpurity.Fortheco-dopedsamples,theparticlediameterissmallerandthedistributioniseven.TheMg2+andTi4+ionsco-dopingimprov
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