高考英语大一轮增分计划之语法专项提升讲义：专题四 Word版含答案.docxVIP

介词的分类和用法介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词(at, in, for等)；合成介词(within, inside, throughout等)；短语介词(according to, because of, in spite of等)；双重介词(from behind/above/under等)；分词介词(considering, including等)。 介词后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词、疑问词＋不定式、wh–clause等。1．介词搭配介词的主要考查方式之一就是与动词、名词等搭配成短语，常用搭配形式如下：(1)介词＋名词：in turn轮流；in danger在危险中；out of order出故障；by no means决不(2)名词＋介词：reason for……的原因；effect/influence on对……的影响(3)形容词＋介词：angry with生(某人)气；concerned about关心(4)动词＋介词：laugh at嘲笑；agree on对……达成协议(5)动词＋副词＋介词：go in for爱好，从事；put up with忍受(6)动词＋名词＋介词：take advantage of利用；pay attention to注意(7)动词＋sb/sth＋介词：prevent sb from阻止某人做……；remind sb of提醒某人……2．核心介词用法归纳与辨析(1)表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near介词用法示例at一般指在较小的地方I met him at the shop.in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内Shandong Province lies in the east of China.on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域Vietnam is on the south of China.to表示某范围外不接壤的两个位置Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.beside/by在……的旁边She was standing beside her mother.There is a small house by the river.near接近；靠近There is a supermarket near my home.(2)表示方位的between和among介词用法示例between在两者或每两者之间I sat down between Sue and Jane.among在三者或三者以上之间The teacher was standing among the students.(3)表示方位的across, through, over和past介词用法示例across从……的表面穿过He walked across the square to meet us.through从……的内部穿过The guide led us through the forest.over从……的上面跨过The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.past从……的旁边经过She walked past the shop.(4)表示时间点的at, in和on介词用法示例at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at 9：00, at noon, at daybreak, at Christmasin表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、晚上in the 21st century, in September, in the morningon表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上on 2nd, September; on the morning of 1st, May【拓展】 当名词前有this, that, last, next, every, each, some等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。如：this morning, last year。(5)表示时间段的for和since介词用法示例for“for＋时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语He has lived in the small village for five years.I studied in Peking University for 4 years.since“since＋时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语He has worked in this comp