背向前进式矸石充填采煤方法及相关规律分析-back - forward coal mining method with waste rock filling and analysis of related laws.docx

摘要针对目前我国煤矿“三下一上”（建筑物下、铁路下、水体下和承压水体上）的煤 炭呆滞储量之多、矸石排放量之大所造成的矿井煤炭资源采出率低、环境污染严重等一 些列经济和环境问题，结合协庄煤矿实际生产地质条件，研究制定了背向前进式矸石充 填采煤方法。该法具有生产效率高、生产系统布置简单及充填成本低等诸多优点，是实 现“三下一上”呆滞煤炭高产高效开采的新技术。矸石充填的目的是确保地表变形在允许范围之内 ，减少开采对采场底板 的破坏深 度。本文基于岩层控制的关键层理论和矸石充填的相关理论，综合运用理论分析、数值 模拟与现场实测的方法与手段，研究了矸石充填开采条件下采场覆岩运动及地表变形特 征及规律，研究结果及现场实测表明，采用原生矸石充填采空区限定了关键层弯曲下沉 ， 可有效地控制地表变形。在对采场覆岩运动研究的基础上，采用理论研究和数值模拟相结合的方法，研究了 矸石充填开采条件下，前进式沿空留巷的围岩应力及位移演化规律以及围岩的变形破坏 特征。通过研究发现，在充填开采条件下，采用前进式沿空留巷技术可以减少巷道围岩 发生流变和受采动影响的时间和程度，能够很好的控制留巷的变形。最后利用理论计算的方法研究了充填开采条件下底板的应力分布，采用数值模拟的 方法研究分析了充填开采条件下不同充填参数对煤层底板破坏的影响规律。然后采用现 场实测的方法验证了矸石充填开采可有效地减少对煤层底板的破坏深度，为承压水上采 煤提供了一种新的开采依据和方法。关键词：矸石充填，关键层，地表变形，沿空留巷，底板破坏深度，充填步距ABSTRACTOn account of a series of economic and enviromental problems that the low coal recover y ratio and serious enviromental pollution caused by that many coal reserves are trapped under build ing struct ure, railwa y and water body and the large amount of raw waste are discharged in Chinese coal mines , combined with Xiezhuang coal mine pratica l product ive geological condition, waste backfill- mining met hod with back forward style was studied and determined. It has ma ny advantages, such as high product ion efficency, simple product ion system and low fill ing cost and so on, which is a new high product ion and high efficency mining technology to mine “three under, one above” trapped coal reserves.Key issues for the raw waste backfilling are how to control strata movement by backfilling waste to make sure that ground deformation within the allowable range and reduce the depth of destroyed floor caused by mining. According to the domina nt stratum theor y and waste filling theory, this paper studied the rules of overlying strata movement and surface deformation by comprehensive use of met hods and mea ns of theoret ica l analysis, numer ica l simulation and field mesurement. The results indicate that bending subsidence of key stratum and ground deformation are effectively restra ined using the waste backfilling .Base