英语专业词汇学第8章.pptVIP

Chapter 8 English Idiom Objectives: To discuss the characteristics of idioms; To explain their classification and uses. Teaching Focus: The Characteristics of Idioms The Classification of Idoms The Uses of Idioms Definition Idiom is a set expression made up of two or more words; it functions as a unit of meaning which cannot be predicted from its literal meaning of its component words. 作为一个意义单位使用的，意义不能从其独立的组成部分得出的一种表达法。 For example, the idiom “show the white feather” means “to show fear”, and the meaning of this idiom has nothing to do with “feather”. I. Characteristics of Idioms 1. Semantic Unity语义的整体性 Semantic unity: the sense of the combination cannot be explained in terms of its constituent parts. Each idiom is a semantic unity. The semantic unity can be reflected by the fact that the meaning of an idiom is very often not the total sum of the meanings of the constituent words. The semantic unity can also be shown in the illogical relations between the literal meanings of the constituent words and the meaning of the idiom. structurally analyzed, the form of an idiom is set and only a limited number of idioms can be said or written in any other way without destroying the meaning of the idiom. e.g. in the same boat?? ? in the same ship? Structural stability means that the structure of an idiom usually remains unchangeable. In other words, the constituent components of an idiom can not, generally speaking, be replaced. The constituents of idioms cannot be changed or replaced. 习语的成分不能替换。 The word order cannot be inverted or changed. 习语的词序不可颠倒或更换。 The constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article.习语的构成成分不可增减，即使是冠词也不行。 Ｍany idioms are grammatically unanalysable. 很多习语在语法上是不可分析的。 II. Classification of Idioms According to grammatical function, idioms can be divided into 5 types: 1. Idioms Verbal in Nature 2. Idioms Nominal in Nature 3. Idioms Adjectival in Nature 4. Idioms Adverbial in Nature 5. Sent