跨文化交际--理论与实践Unit-4.pptVIP

Cultures influence communication styles. “high involvement” conversational styles “high considerateness” conversation styles Deborah Tannen ? talk more ? interrupt more ? expect to be interrupted ? talk more loudly at times ? talk more quickly EX: Russian, Italian, Greek, Spanish, South American, Arab, African EX: Asian cultures, Mainstream American conversation 4.1 Conversational Involvement ? speak one at a time ? use polite listening sounds ? refrain from interruption ? give positive and respectful responses 4.2 Incorrect Judgments of Character ? Judgments that people make about regional differences within a country are similar to those they make about people from another culture. 4.2 Incorrect Judgments of Character ? The important differences in communication create problems of stereotyping and incorrect judgments among members of diverse groups. ? One way to determine whether a culture favors a direct or indirect style in communication is to find out how the people in that culture express disagreement or how they say, “No”. directness 4.3 Directness and Indirectness indirectness (U.S culture) Ex: “Get to the point!” “Don’t beat around the bush” “Let’s get down to business” “Honesty is the best policy” Gender differences in communication styles: 4.4 American Male-Female Differences in Directness Less direct (more polite, soft ) More direct ? making requests ? expressing criticism ? offering opinions ? talking about emotional issues and feelings ? making suggestions, giving criticism, expressing ideas in workplace Note: Although Latin American conversation styles is considered “high involvement”, and many Asian styles are considered “high considerateness”, they both tend to value indirectness. 4.5 Cross-Cultural Implications ? Many American in the business world do not realize that a large percentage of the world’s cultures value indirectne