干燥方法对甜瓜片干燥特性及品质影响的分析-analysis of the influence of drying methods on drying characteristics and quality of melon slices.docxVIP
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干燥方法对甜瓜片干燥特性及品质影响的分析-analysis of the influence of drying methods on drying characteristics and quality of melon slices
本文是中澳合作基金项目“甜瓜采后生理、病理及贮运技术(供销链)研究” 的阶段性研究成果(项目编号:2009DFA32160) 课题主持人:冯作山(教授)(新疆农业大学)干燥方法对甜瓜片干燥特性及品质影响的研究摘要本文以新疆甜瓜为试验材料,研究了自然气流干燥(AFD)、热风干燥(HD)、微波气流干燥(MAD)、微波气流+真空微波干燥(MA+VMD)、真空冷冻干燥(FD)对甜瓜片的干燥特性(失水 速率、干燥曲线、复水率、干燥时间)、干燥品质(Vc 含量、总糖、总酸、色差、香气成分、微观 组织、质构)的影响,对微波气流+真空微波干燥(MA+VMD)甜瓜片的工艺进行了专门研究。结 果如下:通过几种干燥方法的比较,得出 MA+VMD 所需的时间最短,3h 内就可完成干燥,MAD 次之,FD 所需时间最长为 18h。随着干燥温度的升高 HD、FD 的干燥速率随之增加,复水比则随之 减小。通过对比几种干燥方法所得到甜瓜片的干燥品质,表明 MA+VMD 可以获得高品质的脱水甜瓜 片。MA+VMD 干燥得到的干制品具有较高的抗坏血酸保存率(86.17%)和明显的体积膨化,膨化率最 大为 285%,并且也表现出更好的颜色、质构和复水能力。采用 MA+VMD 方法膨化干燥甜瓜片,在 28℃、气流速度 2m/s 的条件下干燥瓜片至含水量 50%(湿基),用真空微波膨化干燥至终点。采用试验软件 Design Expert 8.0.3,通过 Box-Behnken 中 心组合试验设计探索了真空微波甜瓜片的工艺参数,得到了真空微波干燥甜瓜片膨化率与初始水分 含量、微波火力、真空度的回归模型:Y ??310.40 ?19.62 X??0.00 X?13.38X??4.50 X X??4.75X X?12.00 X X??33.83X 21231 21 32 3123?32.58X 2 ??29.32 X 2经验证该模型显著可靠。利用模型的响应面及等高线,对影响真空微波干燥甜瓜片的关键因素及其相互作用进行探讨,得到的优化工艺参数为:微波火力 89%、真空度 0.075MPa、水分含量 22.5%(湿基),此时膨化率为 287%。关键词:甜瓜片;干燥特性;品质;真空微波;膨化率Study on the drying methods to the drying characteristics and quality of melon piecesAbstractXinjiang melon was used as experimental material in this study, which researched on the effects of drying characteristics and quality of melon pieces by airflow drying (AFD), hot air drying (HD), microwave airflow drying (MAD), microwave airflow + vacuum microwave drying (MA + VMD), airflow+ vacuum drying (AF +VD) and vacuum freeze drying (FD). Drying characteristics contained rate of water loss, drying curve, rehydration rate, drying time. Drying quality contained Vc content, total sugar, total acid, color, aroma components, microstructure and texture. And the technology of melon pieces by microwave airflow + vacuum microwave drying (MA + VMD) was in specialized research. The results are as follows: compared with the several drying methods, drying time by MA + VMD was the shortest and drying could finish in 3h by this method, followed by was the method MAD. The drying time by FD was the longest 18h. With the drying temperature increased, the drying ra
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