高速车辆部件气动噪声的格子boltzmann方法分析-analysis of aerodynamic noise of high-speed vehicle components by lattice boltzmann method.docxVIP

摘要车辆噪声是日常生活中最常见的噪声之一。而随着车速的提高，车辆的气动噪声也变得越来越显著。车辆的气动噪声可分为全机噪声和部件噪声。天窗和A柱区域是显著的部件噪声源。对这些部件气动噪声进行研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。本文首先介绍了一种新型的数值模拟方法—格子Boltzmann方法（LBM）的基本理论和原理，并根据LBM的算法流程设计了Fortran计算程序。然后利用所设计的Fortran计算程序来模拟A柱和天窗处的近场气动噪声。首先建立A柱和天窗的基本简化模型，利用LBM模拟该处的流场，得到流场的速度和压力值；再将速度值导入后处理软件Tecplot中进行处理，将压力值经声学计算处理后导入Origin中进行快速傅里叶变换（FFT），就得到了测试点的声压级信号。最后，改变A柱和天窗模型的各个参数，进一步计算测试点的声压级信号。经过与基本模型结果的比较，分析这些参数对于气动噪声的影响。分析结果表明，对于A柱区域，气流速度越大时，噪声声压级越高；A柱采用倒角或倒圆的形式，都会显著降低A柱区域的气动噪声，而且倒角或倒圆越大，降噪效果越明显。对于侧窗区域，气流速度越大时，噪声声压级越高；而在噪声的低频区，倒角和倒圆的降噪效果不明显，在高频区，降噪效果要更明显一些。对于天窗，气流速度越大时，噪声声压级越高；天窗开口后移时，噪声降低；开口前移时，噪声升高；而天窗开口宽度对于噪声的影响很小。关键词：气动噪声，格子Boltzmann方法，Fortran，部件噪声，A柱，天窗ABSTRACTTheautomobilenoiseisoneofthemostcommonnoisesindailylife.Andtheaerodynamicnoisebecomesmoreandmoresignificantwiththevehiclespeedincreasingconstantly.Theautomobileaerodynamicnoisecanbedividedintothewholemachinenoiseandcomponentnoise.ThesunroofandA-pillarareveryimportantcomponentnoises.Ithasboththeoreticalandpracticalsignificancetodoresearchofthesecomponentnoises.Anewkindofsimulationmethod,calledLatticeBoltzmannMethod(LBM),isintroducedinthisthesis.AndFortranproceduresaredesignedaccordingtothealgorithmprocessesofLBM.ThesimulationsofthenearfieldaerodynamicnoiseofA-pillarandsunroofarecarriedoutwiththedevelopedFortranprograms.First,thesimplifiedmodelsofA-pillarandsunroofareestablishedandtheflowfieldsaresimulatedbytheFortranprogramofLBM.Second,thesimulatedresultsareanalyzedbypost-processingsoftwareTecplotandOrigintogettheSPLsignaloftestpoints.Atlast,themodelparametersarechangedandthesimulationsareperformedagaintocomparewiththepreviousdatatoseetheinfluenceoftheseparametersonaerodynamicnoise.Theanalysisresultsshowthat,fortheA-pillar,theaerodynamicnoisegrowswiththespeed;achamferangleorroundingoftheA-pillarwillcauseasubstantialreductionofnoise,andthebiggerofchamferangleorrounding,thebetteroftheeffect.Andforthesidewindow,thenoiseincreaseswiththespeed;achamferangleorroundinghavepooreffectonthenoisereductioninthelowfrequencyrangeofnoise,whilere