生物统计学课件Chapter 3 the random variables and probability distribution教学教材.pptVIP

Chapter 3 the random variables and probability distribution Random variables and their classification Probability distribution Normal distribution Binomial distribution 3.1 Random variables and their classification random variable Random values of variables in a certain range Random values of variables in a certain probability distribution classification Discrete Random variables：Just take a finite number of possible values（Integer） Example: the incidence number of individuals，litter size Continuous Random variables：take a unlimited possible values in a certain range （Real number） Example:Milk yielding, body length, average daily gain 3.2 probability distribution probability function 随机变量取某一特定值的概率函数（离散型随机变量） probability density function) 随机变量取某一特定值的密度函数（连续型随机变量） probability distribution function 随机变量取值小于或等于某特定值的概率 3.2.1 Discrete probability distribution of random variable Probability function X ：Random variable，x：The possible values of a random variable Probability distribution function Probability distribution of discrete random variable Example 1: the probability function of the points by throwing a dice The probability distribution of the column The expectation of random variable – population mean For example 1： Probability distribution of discrete random variable the nature of expectations (a is a constant) 1. 2. 3. 4. （When the X and Y are independently of each other） Probability distribution of discrete random variable The expectations of the function of random variable Set Y is a function of random variable X, example: Then： For example 1： Probability distribution of discrete random variable For example 1： Probability distribution of discrete random variable The nature of the variance 1. Var(a) = 0 （ a is a constant ） 2. Var(aX ) = a2Var(X ) 3. Var(X + Y ) = Var(X ) + Var(Y ) (the X and Y are independently of each other ） 4. Var(XY ) ? Var(X )Var(Y ) The square root of the variance is standard deviation Probability distribution of discrete ran