刑事错案成因分析及预防机制分析-cause analysis and prevention mechanism analysis of misjudged criminal cases.docxVIP

摘要错误无处不在，同样在刑事司法活动中也存在很多错误，其不利后果便是产生刑事错案。最近几年，舆论媒体频繁曝光了几起大的刑事错案，在社会上引起很大反响，也引发了人们对刑事错案的讨论。从云南杜培武案，湖北佘祥林案，到河北聂树斌案，内蒙古呼格吉勒图案，再到前年炒的沸沸扬扬的河南赵作海案，这些错案不仅侵犯了当事人合法的人身权利和财产权利，也严重损害了我国法律的权威性，降低了政府的公信力。实现公平正义是我国建设社会主义法治国家的基本目标，虽然在任何一个国家，完全杜绝刑事错案的发生是不可避免的，但我们也要积极探索如何减少刑事错案的发生。由于我国特殊的文化传统、政治背景，刑事错案的产生原因比较复杂,主要包括公安机关的刑讯逼供问题、检察机关的监督不力问题以及审判机关的枉法裁判问题等。通过对美国和英国的刑事错案预防机制进行研究，并加以借鉴，找到适合我国的刑事错案预防机制。针对导致刑事错案发生的原因，提出预防机制才能做到有的放矢。公安机关要进行改革，减少侦查活动中的违法行为，杜绝刑讯逼供；检察机关规范程序，加强对侦查活动的监督；审判机关坚持审判独立，杜绝徇私枉法现象。只有这样才能正本清源，减少刑事错案的产生，维护公民的合法权益。关键词：刑事错案，错案成因，错案预防机制ABSTRACTErroriseverywhere,itisthesameinthecriminaljusticeactivities,theadverseconsequencesismisjudgedcriminalcases.Inrecentyears,themediafrequentlyexposuredmanylargemisjudgedcriminalcases,causeverybigechosocially,alsocausedthepeoplediscussionofmisjudgedcriminalcases.FromthecaseofDuPeiwuinYunnan,HubeitoSheXianglincase,tothecaseofNieShubininHebei,InnerMongoliavocativegillerpattern,andthentoHenanbeforefryraiseaBabelofcriticismoftheZhaoZuohaicase,thesecasesnotonlyinfringesthepartieslegalrightsofthepersonandpropertyright,alsoseverelyunderminedChinaslegalauthority,reducedthegovernmentsandthecredibilityofthegovernment.RealizationoffairnessandjusticeinChinaisbuildingasocialistcountryruledbylawisthebasicgoal,althoughinanycountry,completelyeliminatethemisjudgedcriminalcasesoccurisinevitable,butweshouldalsoactivelyexplorehowtodecreasetheoccurrenceofCriminalMisjudgedcase.Becauseofouruniquetraditionalculture,politicalbackground,misjudgedcriminalcasescausesmorecomplex,includingthepublicsecurityorgansofthetorturetoextractconfessions,procuratorialsupervisionandjudicialwrongfuljudgementproblem.TheAmericanandBritishmisjudgedcriminalcasesandpreventionmechanism,andreference,findsuitableforourcountrysCriminalMisjudgedCasepreventionmechanism.Forthecauseofmisjudgedcriminalcasesandcauses,putsforwardpreventivemechanismtoaccomplishhaveadefiniteobjectinview.Thepublicsecurityorgansshouldundertakereform,reduceillegalactivitiesduringinvestigation,putanendtotorturetoextractc