虚拟手术中软组织物理模型的建立及变形算法分析-establishment of soft tissue physical model and analysis of deformation algorithm in virtual surgery.docxVIP

摘要摘要虚拟手术是结合由生物医学、生物力学、材料科学、计算机图形学、计算机视觉等 诸多领域而成的一门新兴学科。其主要内容就是通过对医学数据的可视化，在计算机中 构建虚拟的人体器官模型，并通过计算机逼真地仿真出真实手术过程中虚拟组织模型的 各种形变效果。虚拟人体器官模型不仅是虚拟手术中操作的对象，而且直接决定着虚拟 手术系统的整体性能，因而虚拟手术中软组织物理模型的建立逐渐成为了虚拟手术领域 一个重要的研究内容。本文的具体研究内容包括：(1) 在软组织物理模型拓扑结构方面，为保证形变仿真的实时性，选择了基于表面 模型的质点弹簧模型，为进一步保证肝脏软组织的体不可压缩特性，引入包含 体弹簧的表面质点弹簧模型；(2) 在软组织参数设定方面，采用了基于生物软组织测量的方法。结合软组织应力 应变曲线的特点，提出了分段线性化的弹簧弹性系数确定方法，满足了软组织 形变时应力形变的非线性特征；(3) 在力学分析求解方面，研究了软组织模型发生形变时的数值求解问题。将欧拉 积分法、中值积分法和龙格库塔积分方法进行了讨论。在显式欧拉积分方法的 基础上，设计了改进的 Verlet 算法计算模型的形变量；(4) 在形变分析优化方面，在 Loop 网格细分算法的基础上,实现了对肝脏软组织形 变区域的自适应细分。消除了肝脏软组织形变时，形变区域产生的失真现象。 最后，完成了肝脏软组织在形变过程中的精确性、实时性等验证试验，实验结果表明，该方法能够满足虚拟手术的要求。关键词虚拟手术质点弹簧模型模型参数软组织形变自适应 网格细分AbstractAbstractAs an emerging research direction, Virtual surgery is a crossing research field integrated with biomedical, biomechanics, materials science, computer science, computer graphics and other disciplines. The main content is through visualization of medical data building a virtual human organ models and simulating deformations of human soft tissue. The physical modeling of soft tissue is not only the operation objects in the virtual surgery training system, but also directly determines the performance of the virtual surgery system. Therefore, the physical modeling becomes an important research topic in the virtual surgical field.The main work and contributions of the thesis are as follows:In the aspect of topology of the physical mode. In order to ensure the real-time performance of the model deformation, the soft tissue modeling method using mass-spring model. Volume spring is introduced to simulate the volume behavior of liver based on a surface model of the mass-spring system.Through biomechanics experiments on real soft tissue and parameter analysis, the relation between the physical properties of soft tissue and the model parameters is established. A piecewise linear method is proposed for setting the parameters of the springs.In the aspect of mechanics solving. This paper discussed the differences betwee