日本应对气候变化的行业减排倡议和行动——以日本钢铁行业为例.docxVIP

日本应对气候变化的行业减排倡议和行动——以日本钢铁行业为例【内容提要】本文研究了日本在应对气候变化方面提出的国际机制建议，对其提出的后京都时期的政策，尤其是其倡导的“行业减排”机制进行了深入研究，并以日本钢铁联盟应对气候变化行业减排的案例进行了分析，指出了国际应对气候变化斗争的新动向，为我国的国际谈判对策提供了研究基础。在当前应对气候变化的形势日益迫切的情况下，中国要充分借鉴日本的先进经验，采取积极的战略和策略应对气候变化，并使之与国家可持续发展战略和科技创新战略相结合，与国家重大生态建设工程、节能工程和能源产业技术升级工程相结合，与国家能源、环境等方面的法律、法规和政策体系建设相结合，增强国家应对气候变化的能力，并在后京都国际减排机制中发挥建设性的作用。The suggestion on the international mechanism of addressing climate change proposed by Japan was studied. The policies on post-Kyoto proposed after then, especially sectoral emission reduction mechanism were studied thoroughly. The paper takes the Japan Iron and Steel Federation as an example,pointing out the new trends in the international conflicts for addressing climate change, offering research basis for making countermeasures of international negotiations by Chinese government. As the situation of addressing climate change goes increasingly urgent, the Chinese government should learn from the advanced experience of Japan, adopt active strategies and policies on combating climate change, and make them combine with the national strategies on sustainable development and technological innovation, with the significant national ecological construction programme, the energy-saving programme and the energy industrial technology upgrade programme, with national laws, rules and policies on energy and environment etc., in order to improve the nations ability of addressing climate change, and play a constructive role in post-Kyoto emission reduction mechanism.【关 键 词】温室气体/行业减排/气候变化????GHG/sectoral emission reduction/climate changeEE72UU1670039????［中图分类号］F416.31 ［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1006－480X（2010）01－0075－09????一、日本产业部门减排的方法和措施????在日本政府的引导和推动下，日本产业部门自20世纪90年代起就开展了应对气候变化的自主减排行动。日本产业代表组织——日本经济团体联合会（简称经团联）1997年制定出《经团联环境自主行动计划》（经济团体联合会，1997），组织日本产业部门开展了自主减排行动，制定了“2010年二氧化碳排放量控制在1990年水平以下”的自主行动计划，并设定了分行业的减排目标。《经团联环境自主行动计划》的基本特点为：各产业均为自主参与，利用本身产业的特性，寻求解决问题的方法；参与的产业不限于制造业及能源产业；大部分参与产业都确定了明确的数量目标；除了具体目标外，经团联定期审查各产业的达成绩效，形成持续推进的机制。2000年共有34个工业部门参与，这些部门1990年总排放量为4.7