基于图像的自动调焦方法分析及系统实现-analysis and system implementation of automatic focusing method based on image.docxVIP

摘要在靶场测量、铁轨几何参数测量等的光测成像系统中，对成像系统进行精确 调焦以获取清晰的图像对测量精度起决定性影响。传统光测成像设备的调焦主要 依靠人眼观察进行手动调焦，效率低且受人为因素影响大。此时，成像设备的调 焦系统并不能保证得到全程清晰的目标图像。根据这些相对模糊的图像进行测量、 分析得到的结果，其精度和可靠性不可避免会受到影响。本文在介绍国内外自动调焦研究现状的基础上，对数字式自动调焦的特性和 原理进行了系统阐述，并根据摄像测量原理设计了基于图像的快速自动调焦系统 结构。对于其中的两大关键技术：运动目标的跟踪定位和自动调焦算法的选择进 行了深入的研究。通过实验结果对比分析，本文实现了跟踪窗口自适应的 Mean Shift 跟踪算法和一种粗调与精调相结合的快速搜索调焦算法，使用 VC++编程语 言编写了系统控制软件程序。根据系统的设计要求选取了合适的器件，搭建了基 于图像的快速自动调焦系统。针对轨道几何参数摄像测量中，近地面湍流条件下运动目标，由于其受大气 湍流的影响导致图像清晰度随机抖动而无法进行自动调焦的问题，本文对电动镜 头自动调焦部分进行了改进，提出了一种新的调焦方法：比例调焦。该调焦方法 采用焦距与聚焦之间的比例关系实现对运动目标的调焦，无需对每一帧图像进行 清晰度计算。系统的外场实验结果表明，该调焦方法对于近地面湍流条件下的运 动目标能够实现实时准确调焦。关键词：图像处理；自动调焦；运动目标；评价函数；大气湍流ABSTRACTIt is a crucial influencing factor for measurement precision to obtain definite images in the photogrammetry systems of range and railway geometry parameters measurement. Traditional optical measurement imaging device take a manual focusing method to get definite images, which does not work effectively and can be disturbed easily by various arbitrary factors. With this method, focusing system of imaging device can not guarantee the definition of target images in the whole process of the measurement. And the precision and reliability of these data, which analyze from poor precision images, will be influenced inevitably.After the current situation of auto-focusing method in home and abroad being introduced, the characteristic and principle of the method based on image processing is analyzed systematically in the paper, and then according to the principle of videometrics, we design the rapid auto-focusing system based on image processing. Two key techniques of this focusing system are investigated: moving object tracking and the choice of auto-focusing algorithm. Comparing with data analysis by experiment, two modified algorithms are presented in this paper: algorithm of rapid auto focusing combining roughly focusing and fine focusing; Mean Shift tracking algorithm with adaptive tracking window, and the software of the system is written by the Vis