操作系统教学（华南理工大学）ch1-V3.pptVIP

* * To conclude, welcome to the course, start reading chapter 1, and think about Resources, operating systems, and what is wrong with them. Visit our Web site. See if you can use the webboard. Figure 1-25. Structure of the THE operating system. （六层：CPU管理、内存和磁鼓管理、操作员与进程通信、输入、输出管理、用户程序、系统操作员） Layered Systems（层次结构） Figure 1-26. Structure of the MINIX 3 system. 其微内核只有3200行C语言代码和800行汇编代码 微内核设计思路：为了可靠，将OS划分为小的、良好定义的模块，只有其中一个模块----微内核----运行在内核态上，其余模块则作为普通用户进程运行，以防止这些模块的错误导致系统死机。 Microkernels Figure 1-27. The client-server model over a network. 将进程划分为两类：服务器、客户机 Client-Server Model Figure 1-28. The structure of VM/370 with CMS. 可用于：托管；同时运行两个或多个OS. Virtual Machines (1) ----WM/370 Figure 1-29. (a) A type 1 hypervisor. (b) A type 2 hypervisor. Virtual Machines (2) ----虚拟机的重现 Java虚拟机：JVM JVM代码可以通过INTERNET传送到任何有JVM解释器的计算机上执行，同时能做安全性检查 解释执行。 Virtual Machines (3) Exokernel (外核） 对机器进程分区。给每个用户整个资源的一个子集。 在底层，一种称为外核的程序在内核态中运行。其任务是为虚拟机分配资源，并检查试图使用这些资源的企图，以确保没有机器会使用他人的资源。 优点：减少了映像层。外核只需要记录已经分配给各个虚拟机的有关资源即可。 */75 Design Tradeoffs All in the kernel (Windows) Pros: efficient? Cons: difficult to develop new services All at user level Pros: easy to develop new apps Cons: protection Split between user and kernel (Unix) Kernel: display driver and mouse driver User: the rest The C language Header files Large programming projects The model of run time The World According to C 编译C和头文件，构建可执行文件的过程 C语言运行模型 */75 Summary Course overview Policy and requirement What is OS? OS history Hardware overview Operating System Concepts System Calls Operating Systems Structure Next lecture: Process (Chapter 2) */75 After this lecture… Reading assignment: chapter 1 Start next week with Chapter 2 Homework: P44-45: 1,10,12，15, 20 */75 Thank you! QA * You should all have taken CS 223. Students have a set of responsibilities. This is not a 200 level course. 300 level courses require you to do much more individual study. Read the text book. Try things out on UNIX or Windows. Browse the web site. Look at