diagnosis-头颈部PPT.pptVIP

General Consideration of Diagnostics Li Ping（厉平） Endocrinology department of Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, China medical university;Head Hair and scalp Hair: colour, distribution, amount, texture Scalp: colour, desquamation, trauma, nodule, hematoma and scar Skull notice: size, shape and movement. Deformities of skull: ①Microcephalia is a congenital malformation with severe mental retardation ②Oxycephaly( tower skull) Apert Syn ; ③Square skull: seen in rickets or congenital syphilis ④Large skull: accumulation of cerebraspinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain. setting-sun phenomenon seen in hydracephallus. ⑤Delichocephalia: seen in Marfan syndrome and acromegaly ⑥Deforming skull: enlargement and deforming of the skull seen in middle-age Paget disease ;Cranial organs 1.Eyes ①eyebrow external 1/3 loose in hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism ②eyelids 1.entropion: trachoma 2.Ptosis：bilateral: myasthenia; singular: paralysis of oculomotor nerve), 3.Dysfunction of closure: singular: paralysis of facial nerve; bilateral: hyperthyroidism). 4.Edema ;③conjunctiva pallor: anemia congestion: conjunctivitis petechia: SIE (subacute infective endocarditis) follicles: trachoma ④eyeball: exophthalmos :single: local lesion: inflammation, or tumor; bilateral: hyperthyroidism(4 types) enophthalmos (single: Horner syndrome; bilateral: dehydration) mobility, nystagmus pressure(high: glaucoma; lower: Horner syndrome, dehydration);⑤Sclera: Jaundicediffuse lipid deposition patch, local ⑥Cornea: transparent, full of nerve endings Notice: ulceration, scar, white patch arcus senilis, kayser- Fleisch