柴油机燃油喷射毕论文外文翻译.docx

Diesel Fuel InjectionThe purpose of the fuel injection system is to deliver fuel into the engine cylinders, while precisely controlling the injection timing, fuel atomization, and other parameters. The main types of injection systems include pump-line-nozzle, unit injector, and common rail. Modern injection systems reach very high injection pressures, and utilize sophisticated electronic control methods. 1.IntroductionThe performance of diesel engines is heavily influenced by their injection system design. In fact, the most notable advances achieved in diesel engines resulted directly from superior fuel injection system designs. While the main purpose of the system is to deliver fuel to the cylinders of a diesel engine, it is how that fuel is delivered that makes the difference in engine performance, emissions, and noise characteristics.Unlike its spark-ignited engine counterpart, the diesel injection system delivers fuel under extremely high injection pressures. This aspect implies that the system component designs and materials should be selected to withstand higher stresses, while still performing for extended durations matching the engines durability targets. Greater manufacturing precision and tight tolerances are also required for the system efficient function. In addition to expensive materials and manufacturing costs, diesel injection systems are characterized by more intricate control requirements. All these features add up to a system whose cost may represent as much as 30% of the total cost of the engine.This and the following papers will review the basic diesel fuel injection system and its components, the various types of injection systems, and how they meter and deliver fuel into the cylinders of a diesel engine. The mechanical function of these systems will be described with emphasis on their mixture formation role. Various injection timing and metering schemes will be described.Many specialized terms are used to describe the components and the operat