stirling数列的性质.doc

大连海事大学 毕 业 论 文 二○一○ 年 六 月 Stirling数列的性质 专业班级：信息与计学200级2 姓 名： 徐艳杰 指导教师： 孙怡东 数学系 内容摘要 Stirling数列是一类重要的数列，对它的研究有许多成果。有限集的划分计数问题可通过第二类Stirling数给出解答，置换群S中的置换分解为不交轮换之积又与第一类Stirling数有密切关系。在代数学中{}与{}是两组重要的基底，两类Stirling数就是这两组基底之间的变换系数。 本文介绍了两类Stirling数列的定义和性质，论文的结构安排如下： 第1章绪论部分主要介绍两类Stirling数列的发展前景，给出符号定义和预备知识，包括对循环群中置换与轮换的关系，以及生成函数的定义； 第2章介绍两类Stirling数的定义，两类Stirling数的代数关系，及Stirling数反演和基本递推关系式； 第3章主要讲两类Stirling数的生成函数，同时给出第一类Stirling数与n元置换群、第二类Stirling数与集合的分拆的之间的关系，最后引出Bell数，以及Bell数的一些基本性质； 第4章给出两类Stirling数的通项公式及通项公式与行列式间的应用举例； 第5章主要讲第Ⅱ类Stirling数S(n,n-i)与组合数、S(n,i)与组合数之间的关系恒等式的推导过程。 【关键词】 划分；第一类Stirling数；第二类Stirling数；置换；Bell数 Abstract Stirling number is a kind of important sequences, and now there are many study results. The problem of a partition of a finite set can be solved by Stirling number of the second kind, permutation can be reduced to the product of disconnect cycles and it is closely related to stirling number of the first kind. In algebra, both and are important bases, whose coefficient of transformation are the two kinds of stirling numbers. In this paper, we introduce identities and properties of the Stirling numbers. The organization is as follows. In Section 1, we introduce the development of Stirling numbers, give the definitions of symbols which appear and preliminary concepts including the definition of generating function and the relationship between permutation and . In Section 2, we propose the identities, the algebraic relationship, inversion and recurrence relations of the two kinds of Stirling numbers. In Section 3 we describe generating functions of the two kinds of Stirling numbers, relationships between permutation and Stirling number of the first kind, and between the problem of a partition of a finite set and Stirling number of the second kind, finally present the identity of Bell number and several basic properties of Bell number. In Section 4, we develop . Section 5 gives the