SOLUTIONS Livingston解决的方案利文斯顿.docVIP

NOTES: SOLUTIONS Vocabulary: Solution: homogeneous mixture (can’t tell it’s a mixture if you look at it, looks like one thing); particles are very small, can’t be filtered, transparent (you can see right through it) Solute: substance there is less of in a mixture (what is being dissolved) Solvent: substance you have more of in a mixture (what does the dissolving) Dilute: weaker solution; little solute and a lot of solvent Concentrated: stronger solution; a lot of solute in the solvent Miscible: two things can dissolve in each other (mixable) Immiscible: two things can’t dissolve in each other Solubility: amount of solute that can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent Unsaturated: a solution that has less than the maximum quantity of solute (clear) Saturated: a solution with the maximum amount of solute that it can hold (clear, might have stuff on the bottom) ***Supersaturated: a solution with more solute than it should be able to hold (clear, very unusual, easily disturbed) What is the difference between a solution and a mixture? A mixture is a combination of substances that are NOT chemically combined. A solution is a type of homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. 2. Review: “Like dissolves Like” SOLUTE SOLVENT ionic water Polar covalent Water, other polar covalent (alcohol) Nonpolar covalent Nonpolar covalent a. Which substances below would you predict to be water soluble? Which would be soluble in non-polar solvents? Soluble in Water (VERY Polar Solvent)? Soluble in Alcohol? (POLAR) Soluble in Nonpolar Sovents (ex. CCl4) K2SO4 Yes No No C5H12 No No Yes Cu No No No C2H5OH Yes Yes No b. How and why do solutes dissolve in water? The positive sides of the water molecule are attracted to the negative ions, while the negative side of the water molecule is attracted to the positive ions. If these attractions are stronger than the attractions between the ions, the ionic compound will dissolve c.