人性理解之探究.docVIP

人性理解之探究An Exploration on understanding of Human Nature陳建華Jimmy Chen國立雲林科技大學 技術及職業教育研究所National Yunlin University of Science Technology Graduate School of Vocational and Technological Education 摘要 本研究以理解人性為目的，藉由東西方的哲學、宗教學、心理學、人類學及社會學來探究各學門對於人性的理解為何，據此在歸納人性本質的面向，分析出人性本質在以文本關係的詮釋中可得出先驗與環境、自由與制約、善與惡、利己與利他、理性與非理性、完美的神性與不完美的獸性，以及平等與階級共七個人性本質理解面向，在進以探討何種因素能對人性的展現或本質能有所影響，以釐清影響人性建構的內在因素及外在因素；在將資料作整體的總整理，以後設分析的姿態進行對人性本質理解的反思與討論，探討人性善根的存在與懷疑，人類是否僅擁有相對的自由意志，而非絕對擁有自由，而人性中所存有的自然欲該如何界定，這樣的自然欲又是否因外在或內在機制而得以改變，哈伯馬思所探討的互為主體性又是否能在人性本質中存在，人性本質中果真如其所是的能做到主體間性的共在，人性又因此是否具有絕對普遍有效的合法性，並在對人性之普效性產生懷疑後，人性間的善與惡，是否又成為了無法定論的遊戲共識說，這樣的範疇中，人性又怎能有所定論，是否也只能以亞里士多德的形質四因說來論斷人性是在關係中的展現，也唯有在關係中才得以認識人性。最後在以認識論的角度說明人性理解的角度從基質、結構，走向關係的理解。期待能藉本研究來促進道德觀念重新解構與建構，增加人類相互理解、包容與尊重的人文關懷，以構築自由憲政主義與福利國家思維的第三條進路，並破除人文與科學典範間的不可共量性。 關鍵字：人性、人性本質、空間關係、互為主體性、遊戲共識說。 ? Abstract The main purpose of this study is to have a good idea of human nature by learning of east and west, religion, psychology, anthropology and sociology to research how each subject treat as human nature, and in the basis to summarize the part of human nature, in the explaination of all text to analyze the essence of human nature which can be divided into seven parts of the understanding of human nature by transcendental with acquired character , freedom with conditioning , righteousness with evil , egoistic with altruistic , rationality with perceptual , perfect deity with defective animal instincts and equality with class , to probe into what kind of factor influences the show up for human nature and the essence , than understand the internal factor and the external factor of construct human nature .Use meta-analysis to think and discuss on understanding of human nature by coordinating all human nature information, and then to probe into the root of righteousness existence in human nature and to doubt this discussion , whether human only possess the opposite of the doctrine of free will, but not absolute one . How to define the natural desir