Energy Band Diagrams - West Virginia University能带图-西弗吉尼亚大学.pptVIP

Overview of Silicon Device Physics Dr. David W. Graham West Virginia University Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Silicon Energy Bands Electrons try to occupy the lowest energy band possible Not every energy level is a legal state for an electron to occupy These legal states tend to arrange themselves in bands Energy Bands Band Diagrams Intrinsic Semiconductor Intrinsic Silicon Semiconductor Properties Doping Doping – Adding impurities to the silicon crystal lattice to increase the number of carriers Add a small number of atoms to increase either the number of electrons or holes Periodic Table Donors n-Type Material Donors n-Type Material Acceptors Make p-Type Material Acceptors Make p-Type Material The Fermi Function Boltzmann Distribution Band Diagrams (Revisited) Effect of Doping on Fermi Level Effect of Doping on Fermi Level Thermal Motion of Charged Particles Applies to both electronic systems and biological systems Look at drift and diffusion in silicon Assume 1-D motion Drift Drift Diffusion Diffusion → Motion of charged particles due to a concentration gradient Charged particles move in random directions Charged particles tend to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (entropy – Second Law of Thermodynamics) Net effect is a current flow (carriers moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration) Einstein Relation Einstein Relation → Relates D and μ (they are not independent of each other) p-n Junctions (Diodes) p-n Junctions (Diodes) Fundamental semiconductor device In every type of transistor Useful circuit elements (one-way valve) Light emitting diodes (LEDs) Light sensors (imagers) p-n Junctions (Diodes) p-n Junctions (Diodes) Charge Density Electric Field Areas with opposing charge densities creates an E-field E-field is the integral of the charge density Poisson’s Equation ε is the permittivity of Silicon Potential Band Diagram p-n Junction Band Diagram p-n Junction –