MANAGING PROJECT RESOURCES - Bilkent University管理项目资源- Bilkent大学.pptVIP

MANAGING PROJECT RESOURCES Resource Allocation Problem A shortcoming of most scheduling procedures is that they do not address the issues of resource utilization and availability. Scheduling procedures tend to focus on time rather than physical resources. Resource Allocation Problem Schedules should be evaluated not merely in terms of meeting project milestones, but also in terms of the timing and use of scarce resources. A fundamental measure of the project manager’s success in project management is the skill with which the trade-offs among performance, time, and cost are managed. Resource Allocation Problem The extreme points of the relationship between time use and resource use are the following: Time Limited: The project must be finished by a certain time, using as few resources as possible. But it is time, not resource usage, that is critical Resource Limited: The project must be finished as soon as possible, but without exceeding some specific level of resource usage or some general resource constraint Resource Loading Resource loading describes the amounts of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods. The loads (requirements) of each resource type are listed as a function of time period. Resource loading gives a general understanding of the demands a project or set of projects will make on a firm’s resources. Resource Loading The project manager must be aware of the flows of usage for each input resource throughout the life of the project. It is the project manager’s responsibility to ensure that the required resources, in the required amounts, are available when and where they are needed. Resource Loading Table Resource Leveling (Smooting) Resource leveling aims to minimize the period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances. The purpose is to create a smoother distribution of resource usage. Resource leveling, referred to as resource smoothing, has two objective