11 Middle Child – Physical11个孩子中–物理.pptVIP

Class 11 Early Child Physical Middle Childhood – Physical Physical Growth Brain development Physical Issues of Middle Childhood Obesity Physical activity Newspaper assignment Middle Child Physical Growth Slow steady growth extension of early pattern, bones lengthen, broaden Add 2-3 inches and 5 lbs per year Secular trends: we have seen increases in children’s body size From one generation to the next by about 1/3 inch per decade 1970s to 1990s Due to improved health and better nutrition Now increases in height slowing, But increases in weight are continuing Middle Child Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills Improvements in: flexibility, balance, agility, strength Middle Child Motor Skills Improvements in basic skills continues: Activities in playground contribute to motor skills Climbing - stairs, ladders, ropes, monkey bars Hanging – arms or knees on bars Swinging – rings or rope –Tarzan Rolling – summer saults Jumping - take-offs landings Upper body supports – gymnastics - bars Middle Child Motor Skills Developmental issues The playground skills require child to have: Strength, flexibility, balance etc Also: risk–taking and self-confidence Parents are often fearful of letting child go But kids -be encouraged to take sensible risks Sometimes called self-testing skills Can I do it? How good am I? Middle Child Motor Skills Fine motor skills Fine motor skills are refined Six-Year Old’s Drawing Eight-Year Old’s Drawing Ten-Year Old’s Drawing Complex Perspective Far objects smaller Overlapping figures Interesting placement Use of colour Changes in brain development new MRI methods of observing the brain in action Changes in brain development Total brain volume brain is 90% of adult size by age six. head circumference changes through childhood Can see child who wears an adult’s hat, Boys add about 2 inches and Girls 1.9 inches in diameter from age 4 to age 18. due mostly to an increase in skull thickness, not brain size (Giedd, 2004). White matter consists