Abstract Ideas, Space and Time Philosophy at Hertford College抽象概念，空间和时间哲学在赫特福德大学.pptVIP

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Abstract Ideas, Space and Time Philosophy at Hertford College抽象概念，空间和时间哲学在赫特福德大学.ppt

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Abstract Ideas, Space and Time Philosophy at Hertford College抽象概念，空间和时间哲学在赫特福德大学

Hume Peter Millican, Tampere, Sept 2006 Hume’s Treatise, Book 1 3(a)Hume’s theory of general (or abstract) ideas Empiricism and Nominalism An empiricist account of the origin of ideas will naturally reject any non-sensory, purely intellectual grasp of abstract essences. Sensory experience is of particular things, hence empiricists tend towards nominalism, that “all things that exist are only particulars” (Locke, Essay III iii 6, cf. Treatise 1.1.7.6). How, then, do “general Words come to be made”? Locke says they “become general, by being made the signs of general Ideas”. Locke on General Ideas “Ideas become general, by separating from them the cirumstances of Time, and Place, and any other Ideas, that may determine them to this or that particular Existence. By this way of abstraction they are made capable of representing more Individuals than one; each of which, having in it a conformity to that abstract Idea, is (as we call it) of that sort.” (Essay III iii 6) Locke’s General Idea of a Person “the Ideas of the Persons Children converse with … are like the Persons themselves, only particular. … The Names they first give to them, are confined to these Individuals … Nurse and Mamma (etc.)… Afterwards, … [they] observe, that there are a great many other Things in the World, that … resemble their Father and Mother … they frame an Idea, which they find those many Particulars do partake in; and to that they give … the name Man … Wherein they make nothing new, but only leave out of the complex Idea they had of Peter and James, Mary and Jane, that which is peculiar to each, and retain only what is common to them all.” (Essay III iii 7) The Notorious Triangle “For abstract Ideas are not so obvious or easie to Children, or the yet unexercised Mind, as particular ones. … For example, Does it not require some pains and skill to form the general Idea of a Triangle, (which is yet none of the most abstract, comprehensive, and difficult,) for it must be neither Obl