谢灵运与诗体的律化阐明.pdfVIP

摘 要 谢灵运作为一个大量创作山水诗并成功尝试山水诗特殊表现手法的刘宋诗人， 在“诗运转关”之际，对诗体律化也起到了重要的作用。近体诗在声律、对偶、 篇章体制三方面的特定规定要求诗体律化必须具备以下三个方面的条件：一、对 声律的探讨有了一定的积累；二、在对偶句的追求上要求日益严格；三、出现篇 章体制缩小的趋势。谢灵运分别在这三方面对诗体律化过程产生了一定的影响， 对诗体的革新作出了贡献。他的古音韵的理论探索之作——《十四音训叙》为“四 声论”的出现准备了理论前提，对中国的中古音韵学也产生了非常大的影响，他 的创作实践也体现出对声律的自觉追求，他在诗中有意调配平仄，这使他的诗歌 在韵律方面较之前代有了明显的变化；谢灵运在诗作中大量运用对偶，在所处位 置上,对偶绝大多数密集地分布在诗歌当中，他的对偶也有意识地运用声律，在表 现技巧方面，谢灵运创造性地运用了独特的艺术技巧，这些都表现出了律化的痕 迹；他对诗歌中名词性词组、形容词和动词的锤炼以及对句子成分与结构的锤炼， 不仅使他的作品充满了艺术感染力，而且简洁凝炼，意涵丰富，使诗歌结构更为 紧凑，更进一步为诗歌篇制的缩短以及声律的运用创造了条件。无论是谢灵运对 于古音韵的理论探索，对声律的自觉实践，还是对俳偶和名句锤炼的继承发扬， 都对诗体的律化产生了直接或间接的影响。 关键词：谢灵运；近体诗；律化；声律；对偶；名句锤炼 I ABSTRACT As a Liu Sung poet, Xie Lingyun first creates landscape poem in large quantities and tries the special technique of expression of landscape poem successfully. He makes important differences to poem body’s ruling at the “poem style’s turn”. Modern-style poem has particular provisions at poetry rules, antithetical couplet and literary piece system. These requests that the poem body’s ruling should have the following three conditions. First, it is required certain stockpile to the research of poetry rules;second, there should be increasingly strict request in pursue of antithetical couplet; third, appears the trend that the literary piece system contracts gradually. Xie Lingyun makes a certain differences to poem body’s ruling in the three aspects respectively and makes contribution to the innovation of the poem body. His theory work about ancient rhyme --14 sound exploration prepares the theories premise for the emergence of “the four tones theory” ,and produces great influence to Chinese ancient rhyme at the mediev