TheNervousSystem-郧阳医学院.pptVIP

【目的和要求】 1．掌握颅的组成，脑颅、面颅的划分、名称、位置。2．掌握颅底内面观的主要结构。 3．掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形态特征和交通。骨性鼻旁窦 的名称、位置及开口。 4．了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化。 * * The Skull 颅 主讲：李文春 down down Up The skull 颅 The skull contains 23 bones .The skull is is divided into two parts :cerebral cranium脑颅 and facial cranium面颅 down Up (一）The cerebral cranium The cerebral cranium consists of eight cranial bones . down Up frontal额骨 ethmoid筛骨 Unpaired sphenoid蝶骨 occipital枕骨 parietal顶骨 paired temporal颞骨 (二）The facial cranium The facial cranium are fifteen in number. Up maxillae上颌骨 palatine 腭骨 paired zygomatic 颧骨 bones nasal 鼻骨 lacrimal bones泪骨 inferior nasal conchae下鼻甲 vomer 梨骨 Unpaired mandible下颌骨 bones hyoid 舌骨 down (二）The facial cranium 1. The mandible down Up 2. The hyoid angle of mandible (三）The skull as a whole颅的整体观 1.The superior aspect of the skull Up coronal suture冠状缝 sagittal suture矢状缝 lambdoid suture人字缝 down The skull is generally ovoid when from above, and is wider behind than in front. It formed by four cranial bones. Up 2.The posterior aspect of the skull down The most outstanding feature of the occipital bone is external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸. The ridge骨嵴 passing on each side laterally of the protuberance is the superior nuchal line上项线 3.The internal surface of the base of skull down Up It is divided into three fossa. These are the anterior, the middle and the posterior cranial fossa. down Up frontal crest额嵴 foramen cecum盲孔 crista galli鸡冠 cribriform plat 筛板 cribriform foramina筛孔 (1) The anterior cranial fossa颅前窝 down Up In the center is the hypophysial fossa 垂体窝. In front of the hypophysial