纯电动汽车驱动控制技术分析-analysis of drive control technology for pure electric vehicle
摘 摘 要II摘 要能源和环境的双重压力,使得具有节能、环保及高效的电动汽车技术取得了 突飞猛进的发展。然而,在其产业化发展过程中仍然存在较多急需解决的问题, 特别是在电动汽车动力驱动控制方面,在电动汽车高速运行时的弱磁控制导致转 矩响应变慢问题;在电动汽车加速度控制方面,存在启动快速性与超调量难于协 调的问题;在电动汽车再生制动方面,存在能量回收效率不高的问题;在驱动控 制器的主电路设计方面,存在滤波器参数设计过程复杂、裕量偏大且成本偏高的 问题。本文在对电动汽车驱动控制机理分析研究的基础上,对驱动控制中存在的上 述问题进行了分析研究,并针对各个难点及关键技术提出了相应的解决方法。主 要研究内容如下:(1)针对电动汽车高速运行时弱磁控制转矩响应变慢的不足,提出了一种变 期望电压的弱磁给定控制算法,该弱磁控制算法大幅提高了弱磁控制时的转矩响 应速度,有效提高了电动汽车的弱磁控制性能。(2)针对电动汽车加速度控制时响应快速性与超调量之间的矛盾,提出了将 自抗扰控制技术应用于电动汽车加速度控制,达到了快速性与小超调甚至无超调 的效果。(3)针对电动汽车再生制动时能量回馈效率不高的问题,提出了一种基于电 池 SOC 估计的再生制动充电电流控制策略,应用该控制策略后电动汽车再生制动 时的能量回馈效率显著提高。(4)针对电动汽车驱动控制器设计时 LCL 滤波器参数裕量偏大、成本偏高且 需要反复试凑的问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘法的驱动器 LCL 滤波器参数优化 方法,该方法简单有效、同时减小了滤波器的体积,从而节约了成本。综上所述,本文针对电动汽车驱动控制系统发展过程中存在的四个关键问题, 提出的变期望电压的弱磁给定控制算法、基于自抗扰控制的加速度控制算法、基 于电池 SOC 估计的再生制动充电电流控制策略和基于最小二乘法的驱动器 LCL 滤 波器参数优化方法对于电动汽车驱动控制技术的发展具有一定的理论指导意义, 对于电动汽车产业化发展具有重要的应用价值。关键词:电动汽车,驱动控制,弱磁控制,自抗扰控制,再生制动,LCL 参数优 化。ABSTRACTABSTRACTIIIIABSTRACTThe dual pressures of energy and environment make the development of electric vehicle technology with energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency.However, the following problems still exist in the development of its industrialization.for the electric vehicle drive control,electric vehicle running at a high speed and weak magnetic control make the torque couldn’t response quickly;for the electric vehicle acceleration control, the existence of the start - up and the overshoot are difficult in coordination;for the electric vehicle regenerative braking control, the energy recovery is not high;for the main circuit design of driving controller,the filter is complex and parameters margin is too large and the cost is high.After analysis and research of electric vehicle drive control mechanism deeply, we analysis and research the mentioned problems of electric vehicle drive control technology and put forward the corresponding solutions to various difficulties and key technology .The main research content is as follows:To solve the problem that when the electric vehicle ru
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