3PerceptionandIndividualDecisionMaking3知觉与个人决策.pptVIP

Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-* Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 10/e Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge Chapter 3 Perception and Individual Decision Making 3-* After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Define perception and explain the factors that influence it. Identify the shortcuts individuals use in making judgments about others. Explain the link between perception and decision making. List and explain the common decision biases or errors. Contrast the three ethical decision criteria. Define creativity and discuss the three-component model of creativity. 3-* Perception A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important. 3-* Factors Influencing Perception 3-* Person Perception: Attribution Theory Suggests that perceivers try to “attribute” the observed behavior to a type of cause: Internal – behavior is believed to be under the personal control of the individual External –the person is forced into the behavior by outside events/causes 3-* Determinants of Attribution Distinctiveness – whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations (the uniqueness of the act) Consensus – does everyone who faces a similar situation respond in the same way as the individual did Consistency – does the person respond the same way over time 3-* Determination of Attribution 3-* Attribution Errors Fundamental Attribution Error The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate that of internal factors. Self-Serving Bias Occurs when individuals overestimate their own (internal) influence on successes and overestimate the external influences on their failures. 3-* Shortcuts Used in Judging Others Selective Perception – a perceptual filtering process