testosteronereplacementtherapyinthesettingof：在设置的睾酮替代疗法.ppt

Leukocytes Leukemias – Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions involving white blood cells ? usually large numbers are produced Named according to the abnormal white blood cells Myeloidleukemia – involves granulocytes cells Lymphoid leukemia – involves lymphocytes Leukocytes Acute leukemia involves blast-type cells and primarily affects children – rapids onset progression ? death within a few months Chronic leukemia is more prevalent in older people. Slower onset progression – death in ~3yrs. Mononucleosis – caused by Epstein Barr virus. Increased agranulocytes. Leukemia Platelets Hemostasis Platelets Platelets are disk-shaped, very small fragments of megakaryocytes with a blue-staining outer region and a purple granular center Platelets Hemostasis Platelets Contain lysosomes, mitochondria, granules with secretions open cnalicular system opening to the surface. Secrete vasoconstrictors, procoagulants, chemical that attract neutrophils monocytes, growth factors and more. Platelets Hemostasis Platelets Platelets function in the clotting mechanism by forming a temporary plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels, contain chemicals that promote clotting Platelets Hemostasis Platelets Platelets Hemostasis Platelets Thrombopoietin stimulates myeloid stem cells ? megakaryoblasts ? megakaryocytes Megakaryocytes fragment into 2-3000 pieces per cell = platelets; as much as 40% are stored in the spleen [live 10 days]. Platelets Hemostasis Hemostasis – sequence of events that stops bleeding – 3 mechanisms Vascular spasm – smooth muscle in vessel walls contracts. Platelet plug formation Platelets stick to damaged vessels (e.g., collagen fibers) =platelet adhesion Platelets Hemostasis Hemostasis Platelet plug formation Adhesion activates platelets to release contents of granules and to form projections to touch each other. Platelets H